DNA
DNA stands for...
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Ribose Nucleic Acid
What is the product of transcription?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What is the product of translation?
amino acids (polypeptide chain)
What is a mutation?
A change to a DNA sequence
DNA is found in which part of the cell?
The nucleus
RNA serves as...
the messenger between the DNA and the ribosomes
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus of the cell
What is a protein?
amino acids (polypeptide chains) that are coded by a gene in DNA
What is a point mutation?
A single nucleotide in a DNA sequence is replaced with another nucleotide
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
What is the structure of RNA?
single stranded
After mRNA is made, where does the strand of mRNA go and why?
To the ribosome and to be translated into protein
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that contains instructions for making proteins.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Addition/deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not a multiple of 3.
What are the three parts of DNA?
Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nucleotide bases
Which nucleotide base is different in RNA?
Uracil (instead of Thymine)
What direction is the Template DNA strand read in?
5' ---> 3'
What is a codon?
A sequence of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that correspond to a specific amino acid or a stop signal.
What can point mutations lead to?
Can change the protein it gets coded for
Name the four nucleotide bases.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
RNA facilitates what process?
Translation of DNA into protein
Transcribe this sequence:
Template Strand DNA:
5' TAGC 3'
mRNA: AUCG
How many nucleotides are there in a codon?
Three
What can frameshift mutations lead to and why?
Disrupts the reading frame because three nucleotides are read together--> can lead to the production of a different protein.