Genetics 1
The complete genetic material contained in an individual
Genome
Study of life
Biology
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
RNA stands for
Ribonucleic Acid
Study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
Genetics
The shape DNA is in
Double-helix or twisted ladder
A threadlike structure of a nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells?
DNA
Where in the cell are all the chromosomes located?
Nucleus
A segment of DNA that codes proteins
Gene/Genes
The plant that Gregor Mendel studied when he discovered genetics
Pea Plant or Pisum sativum
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
a change in a genetic sequence
mutation
causes mutation like radiation and other environmental agents such as X-rays and ultraviolet
mutagens
Name one of the four bases that make up the rungs of the DNA Ladder
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
involves the loss of a piece of chromosome or a break of the DNA
Deletion
are mutations that change chromosome structure
Chromosomal alterations
Proteins are manufactured by what
Ribosomes
_______ RNA is used to send messages from DNA to be used elsewhere (e.g. create proteins for hormones, repair cells, help the immune system, etc.)
Messenger
________ RNA uses "anticodons" to put amino acids in the correct order of mRNA codons
Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
Transcription
______ is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. This signals the DNA to unwind so the enzyme can "read" the bases in one of the DNA strands. The enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mRNA with a complementary sequence of bases.
Initiation
________ is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. RNA polymerase reads the unwound DNA strand and builds the mRNA molecule, using complementary base pairs. There is a brief time during this process when the newly formed RNA is bound to the unwound DNA. During this process, an adenine (A) in the DNA binds to a uracil (U) in the RNA.
Elongation
Decoding of mRNA into a protein is called
Translation
_______________ is an information molecule responsible for directing protein synthesis.
Ribonucleic Acid or RNA
_________ is the ending of transcription, and occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. The mRNA strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA.
Termination