Importance of Genetics
What is the difference between Artificial and Natural Selection?
“Survival of the Fittest”
If the animal has characteristics to survive, it reproduces
No human intervention
Humans control which animals reproduce based on presence of desirable characteristics
The EXTERNAL conditions that affect the traits and performance of an animal
Environment
Should every animal pass on it's genetics?
varied
The trait that is expressed
Dominant
A group of organisms that have several common
characteristics that differentiate them from others.
Species
Which Type of Selection is used in Agriculture?
Artificial Selection
Environment+Genetics=
Phenotype
Identify common selection traits for Dairy Cattle?
Milk Production
Milk Components (Butterfat & Protein)
Longevity (Calves produced & lactations completed)
The trait that is not expressed
Recessive
BW = WW = YW =
Birthweight
Weaning Weight
Yearling Weight
The outward appearance of an Animal is
Phenotype
Give an example of a trait that is highly heritable
Backfat Thickness = 0.50
Loin eye area = 0.50
Length = 0.60
Chilled carcass weight = 0.60
Identify genetic strengths selected for in sheep
Multiple Births (# lambs per ewe)
Wool Quality
Growth
When both alleles are the same the animal is
Homozygous
When an animal is selected based on its offspring, the selection method is by _______
progeny testing
An organism’s genetic code represented by a pattern of letters
Genotype
Define Heredity
the POTENTIAL an animal has to show specific traits or performance due to its genetic information
Identify genetic strengths selected for in dogs
Correct Size
Correct coat texture & color
Correct Structure
When each allele is different the animal is
Heterozygous
When a crossbred animal out-produces the average of the parents, the resulting biological phenomenon is called ______________
Hybrid Vigor
Why use artificial selection in agriculture?
More rapid improvement of livestock
More ability to control and perpetuate desired characteristics
Agricultural products are higher quality and more consistent
Progeny Means....
Offspring
The percentage that a trait is affected by its genetic information
Heritability
Cross a bull that is BB and Black with a red cow (bb)
What are the percentages of red and black?
varied
Mating animals of different breeds is known as...
Crossbreeding