Nucleotide Know-How
Peas in a Pod
Beyond the Dominant
Generational Genes
Stop Copying Me!
Shuffling the Deck
100
This is what the acronym DNA stands for.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
100
The notation TT, for example, means there are this many dominant alleles in a genotype.
What is two (2)?
100
A red flower is crossed with a white flower; the offspring is pink. This type of inheritance is shown.
What is incomplete dominance?
100
Describe the pedigree symbols for male and female.
Male - square
Female - circle
100
The origin of replication forming y-shaped areas is called this.
What is a replication fork?
100
The number of cells resulting from the meiotic division of one cell.
What is four (4)?
200
This type of bond joins base pairs on a DNA molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
200
An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait is called this.
What is homozygous?
200
Chicken offspring that are white with black spots, and have black-feathered father and white-feathered mother, are an example of this type of inheritance at work.
What is co-dominance?
200
This is the symbol for marriage / mating.
What is a horizontal line between two symbols?
200
This strand replicates in the opposite direction as the DNA is unwinding.
What is the lagging strand?
200
Chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and genes with the same corresponding positions.
What are homologous chromosomes?
300
These are the components of a DNA nucleotide.
What is deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base?
300
Mendel was studying these traits when he crossed pea plants (name two).
What are...
seed shape / seed color / flower color / pod shape / pod color / flower position / plant height
300
Describe the inheritance pattern for blood types.
Multiple alles and co-dominance
300
This type of disorder results from inheriting two defective recessive alleles of a gene, one from each parent.
What is a recessive disorder?
300
In this replication step, DNA polymerase III is adding nucleotides.
What is elongation?
300
The phase and process when crossing over happens.
During prophase of meiosis.
400
This base is found in RNA but not DNA.
What is uracil?
400
The probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants.
What is 50% or 2/4?
400
Traits that are controlled by two or more genes is called this.
What are polygenic traits?
400
The genotype for individual #4 in this pedigree:
What is homozygous recessive?
400
In this step of replication, single stranded binding proteins are present.
What is initiation?
400
The result of crossing over.
What is the production of new allelic combinations?
500
This is what early scientists believed to be the genetic material of a cell.
What is protein?
500
This Mendelian law that states that the dominant trait is shown in an individual with a heterogenous genotype.
What is the Law of Dominance?
500
The term that describes when one gene influences how another gene is expressed.
What is epistasis?
500
Why can individual II-3's genotype not be determined from this information?
Most individuals have the trait in question, which leads us to assume the it is a dominant trait. As one individual in the 2nd generation does not have the trait, the parents must be heterozygous. Therefore, II-3 could have inherited either a dominant or a recessive allele from either parent, making it impossible (without any further information) to determine whether she is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
500
These *four* elements are absolutely necessary for DNA replication.
(Yes, there are many elements, but these are THE four most important)
What are a DNA template, DNA polymerase, primer, and nucleotides.
500
Discuss how crossing over would occur here.
It wouldn't. The pairs of chromosomes are not homologous.