Inheritance
The type of dominance where the heterozygote is an intermediate of the two homozygotes.
Incomplete Dominance
In transcription, what subunit binds to the promoter to begin transcription?
The sigma subunit
What are the changes in chromosome number the result of?
Nondisjunction: when chromosomes fail to separate during cell division
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA -> mRNA -> Protein
What is the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA?
Maternal inheritance
What is translation?
The process by which a cell makes an amino acid sequence
What are the 3 main types of base change mutation?
1. Synonymous/silent
2. Nonsynonymous/ missense
3. nonsense
What does a western blot show?
If a protein is present and how much is present
In a cross between two plants, the genotypes or each parent are Aa:BB:Cc and aa:Bb:Cc. What is the probability of an offspring with the genotype Aa:Bb:cc if these genes show complete dominance?
1/16
What does DNA polymerase I have that DNA polymerase III does not?
5' to 3' exonuclease activity
What is aneuploidy?
When a cell contains an extra copy or lacks a copy of one or two chromosomes
What is PCR?
A process used to make large numbers of copies of relatively short regions of DNA
You have decided to do crosses to determine if two genes are linked or not. Your parental generation is AA:bb x aa:BB. You get the F1 generation and complete a test cross. What are the recombinant gametes of this cross?
AB and ab
What are the two ways that transcription can be terminated?
Enzyme mediated/ Extrinsic (Rho) and non-enzyme mediated/ Intrinsic (stem loop structure)
What are frameshift mutations and what are the types of mutations that can cause them?
Mutations that alter the reading frame and change every codon after the mutation
Insertions and deletions
What are Mendel's two laws
1st law: law of segregation- the 2 copies of a single gene carried by an individual will be split equally during gamete formation
2nd law: Law of independent assortment- the alleles of different genes segregate independently of each other such that all possible combinations occur in the gametes at approximately equal frequencies
A cross between two individuals:
Aa:Bb:CC x AA:Bb:Cc
What phenotypic ratio is expected if gene A shows complete dominance, gene B shows codominance and gene c shows incomplete dominance?
1:1:2:2:1:1
What are the 3 steps to post transcriptional processing of mRNA?
1. A methylated cap on the 5' end
2. Removal of introns and splicing of exons in a continuous coding sequence
3. Addition of the poly A tail of the 3' end
You are studying 2 alleles of the same gene. The proteins made by these alleles have a the following sequence
1: Met Thr Val Lys Pro Asn Glu
2: Met Thr Ile Lys Pro Asn Glu
What mutation likely happened?
Base change, missense
Draw meiosis of a diploid cell with n=3
drawing