Mitosis and Meiosis
During Prophase, _____ condenses to form ______.
Chromatin, Chromosomes
The combination of alleles that code for a specific characteristic
Genotype
Which two nitrogenous bases are Purines
Adenine and Guanine
A sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific Amino Acid.
Codon
DNA that is tightly wound and not active
Heterochromatin
The end result of Meiosis contains a ___ number of chromosomes.
n
alternative form of a gene
Allele
DNA grows in what direction
5'--3'
What is the end result of Translation?
Protein/Polypeptide Chain
Proteins that DNA wraps around in eukaryotic cells
Histones
The cell structures that the centromere attaches to that allows for separation of chromatids
Spindle fibers
When the heterozygote expresses BOTH phenotypes, NOT an intermediate.
Codominance
During replication, this enzyme unzips the DNA double helix
Helicase
What are the 3 steps of Translation
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
Enzymes cut out ____ and join ____ together to make a mature mRNA molecule.
Introns, Exons
During what phase of Meiosis does Crossing-Over occur?
Prophase I
When multiple genes have an additive effect on one phenotype
Polygenic Inheritance
During Replication, DNA ______ adds nucleotides to the primer of the growing strand placed by ______. (Hint: enzymes)
Polymerase, Primase
Write the complementary mRNA strand to attach to this DNA strand
3- ACGTTAGCCA -5
5- UGCAAUCGGU -3
Change in this base in a DNA triplet would often not change the amino acid that is being coded for (silent mutation)
The third base
During what phase of Meiosis does Independent Assortment occur?
Metaphase I
What is the phenotypic ratio in a Dihybrid Cross between two heterozygous individuals?
9:3:3:1
Draw a nucleotide
Phosphate, Sugar, and nitrogenous base
3 Major types of RNA and their functions
mRNA- carries genetic code transcribed from gene.
tRNA- translates codons from mRNA into amino acids, contains anticodon. Brings in an AA during translation.
rRNA- found inside ribosome, recognizes/binds to mRNA/tRNA
The strand of new DNA that is built going away from the replication fork and has to wait for the DNA to be unzipped
Lagging strand