DNA
What is the name for the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What is the name of the sugar in RNA?
Ribose
Enzymes are what type of macromolecule?
Protein
Where does transcription take place?
The Nucleus
Where does translation take place in the cell?
The ribosome
What is the complete name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the name of the base only found in RNA?
Uracil
What is the name of the enzyme that adds new nucleotides and proofreads new DNA strands?
DNA polymerase
What do you begin and end with in transcription?
DNA to mRNA
What do you begin and end with in translation?
mRNA--> amino acid (protein)
Where does DNA replication occur?
What does it mean in DNA replication "semiconservative"?
Nucleus
The DNA replicated contains/conserves part of the original strand and a new strand
What is the start codon?
AUG
A change in DNA sequence is referred to as what?
A mutation
What are the base pair rules in transcription?
A-U
C-G
Type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA (transfer RNA)
What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide? (include the specific names)
Phosphate
Deoxyribose Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA--ATCG. RNA--AUCG
DNA-2 strand RNA--1 strand
DNA--Deoxyribose sugar
RNA--Ribose Sugar
What type of mutation is this?
Original: ATTCGG
Mutation: ATTGGG
Substitution C—>G
What is the name of three nucleotides together?
Use the Codon chart to identify the amino acids for the following mRNA strand:
AUG CGG AAA UAG
Methionine – Arginine – Lysine – Stop
Give one reason why DNA is essential to life.
DNA is an organism's genetic code. DNA creates genetic diversity. Contains code of essential proteins.
ATTCGGACA
UAAGCCUGU
The DNA sequence directly determines RNA sequence which affects the amino acid sequence, which dictates the protein's shape and function. A altered DNA sequence can lead to incorrect amino acids, causing misfolding or premature termination, rendering the protein dysfunctional or altered
Transcribe this DNA sequence:
ATCGAG
UAGCUC
This type of bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis.
Peptide bond