Structure of DNA
Mutations
Reproduction
Punnett Squares/Traits
Human Interference
100
What is DNA shaped like?
100
What is a mutation?
a mistake in the copying process of DNA
100
What are the two types of reproduction?
asexual and sexual
100
A capital letter represents what kind of trait?
dominant
100
What is artificial selection?
When humans select which parents to breed in order to get the traits they consider desirable
200
In DNA, thymine pairs with what?
adenine
200
Is the following an example of a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?
Original DNA: ggc att aag
Mutated DNA: ggc att acg
point
200
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
fast; does not require a mate
200
What is this cow's PHENOTYPE for color?
black and white
200
What is genetic engineering?
When humans remove a gene from one organism's DNA and insert it into another organism's DNA
300
In RNA, adenine pairs with what?
uracil
300
Is the following an example of a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?
Original DNA: ggc tat gta
Mutated DNA: gga cta tgt a
frameshift
300
Name a disadvantage of asexual reproduction
genetic disorders will spread to the entire population; all members of a species look the same
300
What type of genotype is this: Hh
heterozygous
300
A scientist cross-pollinates a tomato plant that is resistant to frost with a tomato plant that produces large tomatoes. Is this an example of artificial selection or genetic engineering?
artificial selection
400
Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine are all examples of what?
nitrogenous bases
400
Is the following mutation harmful, neutral, or beneficial: a frog living in a green forest is born with bright red skin
harmful
400
Name a benefit of sexual reproduction
variety, better chance of survival, not every member of a species will have genetic disorders
400
If two people who are homozygous recessive for eye color (blue eyes ee) get married and have a baby, what is the probability that the baby will have blue eyes?
100%
400
A scientist wants to create glow in the dark mice, so he isolates the gene in jellyfish that makes them bioluminescent, and splices it into the DNA of one of his lab mice. Is this an example of artificial selection or genetic engineering?
genetic engineering
500
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group
500
Is the following a beneficial, neutral, or harmful mutation? a bacteria evolves to become resistant to antibiotics
beneficial
500
Name a disadvantage of sexual reproduction.
You have to find a mate; takes longer and more energy
500
If brown fur in mice is dominant (A) and white fur is recessive (a), what percent of the offspring will have brown fur?
75%
500
What do scientists use to insert the gene of one organism into another during genetic engineering?
a vector, usually a bacteria or a virus