Pedigrees
Reproduction
Types of Dominance
Random
Vocabulary
100
What does it mean if a pedigree square/circle is shaded?
The individual is affected by a trait being tracked by the pedigree.
100
Somatic cell division is an example of __________ reproduction.
Asexual
100
For a trait expressed with complete dominance, how many possible phenotypes can there be?
Two.
100
Name this phase of Mitosis:
Prophase. Here we see that genetic material in the nucleus has coiled up into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane is beginning to break down.
100
A change in the DNA sequence
Mutation
200
How do you know if an individual is male on a pedigree?
The individual is represented by a square.
200
Reproductive cells undergo a process called _________ when they divide, resulting in haploid daughter cells.
Meiosis
200
Let's say a certain rabbit species has fur color expressed with incomplete dominance. A black furred rabbit (BB) and a white furred rabbit (bb) mate: what will the phenotype of their offspring be?
Grey
200
Vocab:
made up of one or more folded up chains of amino acids
determine an organism’s expressed traits
Protein
200
The process of decoding RNA in order to produce amino acids that fold to form proteins
Translation
300
Is the trait shown below passed down via complete dominance? How do you know?
The trait is not passed down by complete dominance because carriers are present.
300
Name one evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction.
Energy efficient, organisms can multiply more quickly, organisms do not need to find a mate to reproduce.
300
A hitchhiker's thumb is a recessive trait controlled by complete dominance. Say a homozygous recessive parent (hh) has kids with a heterozygous parent (Hh).
What is the percent chance that their child has a hitchhiker's thumb? (I strongly recommend using scratch paper to draw a Punnett square!)
50% chance!
300
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
300
When DNA separates to make an RNA copy of the genetic code.
From DNA → RNA
Transcription
400
The shaded trait in this pedigree is autosomal recessive. What is the genotype of III-10? (correct vocab needed!)
Homozygous recessive.
400
Name one evolutionary disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
Organisms are less biodiverse, mutations are guaranteed to be passed to the next generation
400
Purple color is a completely dominant trait over red color in a certain type of flower. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous flower?
Purple
400
What are the DNA base pairs for the following strand of DNA?
DNA: GAT-TAC-ATA
DNA: ___-___-___
DNA: GAT-TAC-ATA
DNA: CTA-ATG-TAT
400
A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
Codon
500
The shaded trait in this pedigree is
The shaded trait in this pedigree is autosomal recessive. What is the genotype of II-6?
Heterozygous, since one parent has a homozygous recessive genotype, meaning that II-6 must have received one dominant and one recessive allele.
500
Name this phase of mitosis:
Telophase- we can tell because there are two fully formed nuclei, and the cell's membrane is about to tear into two separate cells. (Telophase- think two nuclei).
500
If someone is considered a carrier for a certain disease, what type of dominance must control this disease?
Complete dominance. A carrier is a person who does not have the disease, but who carries genes for it- if the disease or trait is controlled by incomplete dominance, that person will have a physical expression of the trait.
500
What are the RNA base pairs for the following strand of DNA?
DNA: GAT-TAC-ATA
RNA: ___-___-___
DNA: GAT-TAC-ATA
RNA: CUA-AUG-UAU
500
A body cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (diploid)
Every cell that isn’t a gamete
Somatic cell