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100
What is a mutation and what causes them?
A permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Can occur due to errors during cell replication or because of environmental factors (mutagens) e.g. radiation or chemicals.
100
Draw pictures showing the relationship between DNA, chromosomes, genes and alleles.
100
Gene: cat ears
Dominant = F -> normal ears
Recessive = f -> cat ears :3
Explain why there are 3 possible genotypes but only 2 possible phenotypes
Possible genotypes = FF, Ff, ff
Phenotypes = normal ears, normal ears, cat ears :3
In the heterozygous case, the dominant allele masks the recessive one
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200
Explain how a mutation in a human can be passed down to their offspring
If the mutation occurs in your gametes (e.g. error during meiosis)
It can be passed down from either parent when the sperm and egg fuse during fertilization.
200
Why is it important to understand genotypes when managing a population of endangered species rather than just observing phenotypes.
Harmful alleles are often recessive and may be carried by heterozygous individuals while not outwardly expressing the phenotype. By carefully controlling breeding, conversationalists can prevent harmful alleles from increasing in the small population and select for alleles that will improve survival and fitness.
200
Are punnet squares useful for analyzing different heights? Why?
No! Height is a continuous phenotype and it doesn't have dominant/recessive alleles.
Punnett squares are only useful for analyzing discrete traits with dominant and recessive alleles.