Tools to Predict Patterns
A genetic cross involving only one gene. Or two heterozygotes.
Monohybrid Cross
It takes two alleles for the trait to show.
What is recessive allele.
This event results in the reshuffling of the alleles between homologs, and it always occurs during the tetrad stage.
What is Recombination/crossing over.
Known as the father of modern genetics
Gregor Mendel
Each of the possible gametes is assigned a column or a row; the vertical columns represent those of the female parent, and the horizontal rows represent those of the male parent.
What is Punnett Squares.
Only one allele of this type is needed for it to show.
What is Dominant allele.
Fertilization is the result of this.
What is Random Sperm and Egg Union
If this breed is always showing the same phenotype every self fertilization.
What is True Breeding.
Also called a branch diagram, relies on the simple application of the laws of probability established for the dihybrid cross. Looks at one gene at a time.
What is The Forked-Line Method.
The physical expression of a trait of the individual
What is phenotype
Defined as any heritable change in the DNA sequence and are the source of all genetic variation.
What is New Mutations
DD or dd
What is Homozygous.
Cross shows how each gene segregates independently of the other gene. Or two heterozygous genes.
What is Dihybrid Cross
A genetic trait is
controlled by factors [alleles] in a discreet unit, which
exist in pairs within an individual organism
What is Unit Factors
During gamete formation, segregating
pairs of unit factors (genes) assort
independently of each other.
What is Independent Assortment.
Dd or dD
What is Heterozygous.
To cross an unknown with a true breeding recessive.
What is Testcross
The two alleles in a diploid organism
are separated randomly during gametogenesis
What is Principles of Segregation.
The amount of offspring possible for different species.
Hint: formula
What is 2^N
a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait vs a variant form of that trait
What is a Gene vs Allele