Genetics 101
This phase of meiosis is when crossing over occurs.
What is prophase I?
This type of inheritance pattern affects sons and daughters equally and may be expressed even with two unaffected parents.
What is autosomal recessive?
Cystic fibrosis is a disease caused by deletion of 3 bases on this chromosome.
What is chromosome 7?
Teratogenicity depends on the ability of the agent to cross what?
This medication may cause growth retardation and infant death.
What is aspirin?
This phase of meiosis is when homologous chromosomes separate.
What is anaphase I?
Huntington's Disease shows this type of inheritance pattern?
What is autosomal dominant?
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a chromosomal disorder affecting chromosome 12 and is caused by a deficiency of this enzyme.
This describes the most common cause of teratogens (trick question, kinda...)
What is multifactorial?
This class of medication may cause renal insufficiency or hypocalvaria in newborns.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This is the process of producing mRNA from DNA.
PKU shows this type of inheritance pattern.
What is autosomal recessive?
Name two signs of Trisomy 13.
What is cyclopia and polydactyly?
This portion of the embryo/fetus is susceptible to birth defects from the beginning of embryo formation all the way up until the baby is born.
What is the CNS?
Nicotine causes birth defects by doing this.
What is increased concentration of carbon monoxide, reducing oxygen to the fetus
One parent cell produces this many daughter cells after one cycle of meiosis.
What is 4?
G6PD deficiency shows this type of inheritance pattern.
What is X-linked recessive?
This chromosomal disorder presents with central apnea, overlapping fingers, microcephaly, and cleft lip and palate.
What is trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)?
This refers to the concept that a teratogen is relatively harmless below a certain exposure level but becomes increasingly harmful after the threshold is exceeded.
What is the threshold effect?
These are the 5 major infectious human teratogens (hint: TORCH).
What are toxoplasma, Others (syphilis, chicken pox, HIV), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes virus?
This process produces two genetically identical daughter cells and maintains the chromosome number.
What is mitosis?
(TWO PART QUESTION)
1) This inheritance pattern occurs when an affected mother passes the disease to 100% of her children.
2) Name a condition with this inheritance pattern.
1) What is mitochondrial inheritance?
2) What is Leber's Optic Neuropathy?
This chromosomal disorder presents with gonadal streaks, primary amenorrhea, poor breast development, and webbed neck.
What is Turner Syndrome (XO)?
These are the four principle mechanisms of teratogenesis.
What are cell growth, cell death, cell migration, and cell-tissue interactions?
This medication is known to cause missing limbs, feet, or hands in a fetus.
What is thalidomide?