Chapter 7
The genetic material found within every cell
What is DNA?
This base is not present in RNA
What is thymine?
Local regions of the protein fold into specific shapes
What is secondary structure?
The material that is transferred to the membrane in Western blotting
What is protein?
The protein responsible for protein synthesis
What is the ribosome?
The method in which DNA is replicated by building complementary strands on each of the separated strands of the original double helix.
What is semiconservative?
The DNA strand that RNA is complementary to
What is the template strand?
These sequences (UAA, UGA, UAG) terminate translation
What are stop codons?
This method uses specially designed primers to amplify specific regions of DNA
What is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
This experiment identified that DNA is the genetic material within phages
What is the Hershey-Chase experiment?
This enzyme synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction using single-stranded DNA as a template.
What is DNA polymerase?
This enzyme binds to the -10 and -35 regions to position the RNA polymerase to inititate transcription at the start site
What is the sigma factor?
What are the A & P site?
This enzyme synthesizes DNA using an RNA template
What is reverse transcriptase?
This enzyme initiates decay of mRNA in bacteria and the RNA pieces are then digested by this second enzyme, removing nucleotides one at a time from the 3' end
What are endonucleases and exonucleases?
DNA synthesis is discontinuous here due to 3' to 5' orientation causing the need for Okazaki fragments
What is the lagging strand?
Following transcription in eukaryotes, these modifications are added to protect from decay and support translation
What is the 5' 7-methylguanosine cap and the poly(A) tail?
This sequence in bacteria pairs with a section of the 16S rRNA to position the start codon in the P site
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
Cells take up DNA from it environment (like a plasmid) and incorporates it into the genome
What is transformation?
The number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine
What is 3?
Cytosine and thymine
What are pyrimidines?
This method joins exons in different patterns expanding the number of proteins found in eukaryotic genomes
What is alternative splicing?
Ubiquitin targets proteins for decay by this multiprotein protease
What is the proteasome?
This is derived from a bacterial immune system that protects bacteria against a foreign plasmid and bacteriophage DNA
What is the CRISPR-Cas system?
This scientist claims he came up with idea for PCR after a glowing green raccoon came to him during a trip on LSD
Who is Karey Mullis?