Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA
These structures are made of many genes arranged in a specific order.
What are chromosomes?
A mutation is best described as this kind of change.
What is a structural change in a gene’s DNA sequence?
This is the relationship between a protein’s structure and its function.
What is a protein’s shape determines how it works?
The effect of a mutation that changes one DNA letter could be harmful, beneficial, or neutral because of this reason.
What is the protein might change in a way that helps, harms, or doesn’t affect the organism?
This is the correct sequence showing how genetic information leads to a trait.
What is DNA → gene → protein → organism trait?
This is the relationship between genes and chromosomes.
What is genes are sections of DNA located on chromosomes?
This type of mutation has little to no effect on an organism.
What is a neutral mutation?
A change in protein structure often affects this.
What is the protein’s function?
A rabbit whose mutation changes pigment-making protein structure might show this type of change.
What is different fur color that may affect camouflage?
This part of the sequence contains the instructions for making proteins.
What is the gene?
A gene is best described as this.
What is a section of DNA that provides instructions for making a specific protein?
A mutation that changes a protein’s structure is most likely to cause this.
What is a change in how the protein functions?
If a mutation changes the structure of a protein, this is the most likely outcome.
What is the protein’s function may change, affecting the organism?
A mutation that causes a protein to stop working completely is an example of this kind of mutation.
What is a harmful mutation?
A change here can alter the protein produced and change an organism’s traits.
What is a mutation in the gene?
This explains how genes, chromosomes, and proteins work together in an organism.
What is genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes that code for proteins, and proteins determine an organism’s traits?
This describes how a structural change in a gene might affect the protein it codes for.
What is that the mutation may change the protein’s shape, which can change or disrupt its function in the organism?
This explains why a change in a protein’s structure can change how it works.
What is that the protein may no longer fit or interact correctly with other molecules?
A mutation that changes appearance but doesn’t affect survival is an example of this.
What is a neutral mutation?
In the model A–T–G–C–A–T–G–A–A changing to A–T–G–C–A–C–G–A–A, this is the likely effect.
What is the protein changes, and the effect may be harmful, beneficial, or neutral?
Scientists say that if the DNA in a single human cell were stretched out, it would be over 6 feet long. This explains how such a long molecule fits inside a tiny cell nucleus in an organized way.
What is DNA is tightly coiled and packaged into chromosomes, which contain many organized genes?
A mutation that helps an organism survive better in its environment is classified as this.
What is a beneficial mutation?
This explains why even a single change in an amino acid can cause a protein to lose its function.
What is that protein folding informs amino acids function, so changing one part can disrupt the entire shape
What are examples of Harmful, Beneficial, and Neutral mutations?
open-ended answers
Create a model in words showing how a mutation in a single letter in a gene could lead to a change in an organism’s phenotype, even if the mutation affects only one amino acid in the protein.
What is gene mutation → different amino acid → changed protein structure → altered protein function → changed trait?