DNA Structure/ Function
What does the circular structure represent on the DNA molecule?
Phosphate
This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix, unwinding the DNA into its replication form
DNA helicase
When DNA is coded to make mRNA, this step in protein synthesis is called __________
Transcription
The names of the 2 control regions on a DNA strand are the ________ and ___________
promoter and enhancer
The process in which a cell takes up DNA from their environment, changing its genetic makeup is called ___________
transformation
The building block of DNA is called a _______________
nitrogenous base/ nucleotide
A ___________ is a change in the DNA code where the DNA sequence gets altered
mutation
When mRNA is coded to make amino acids, this step in protein synthesis is called ______.
Translation
DNA must ___________ so the promoter and enhancer can interact and begin transcription
bend
A ___________ is an extra set of genes inside of a bacterial cell separate from the bacterial chromosome
plasmid
What are the 3 parts of a DNA molecule called?
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
The enzyme ____ ____________ adds nucleotides to complementary base pairs
DNA polymerase
The process of translation occurs in the ________
Ribosome
___________ __________ bind to DNA region called the promoter to help RNA Polymerase begin transcription
Regulatory proteins
____________ act as the scissors to cut the DNA segments to make room for new genes to be inserted
restriction enzymes
What are the names of the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA?
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
DNA is considered to be __________________ because it consists of one parent strand and a new daughter strand
Semi-conservative
The enzyme _____ ____________ is what makes the mRNA transcript from the parent DNA strand
RNA Polymerase
In a person with lactose persistence, lactose is broken down into two simple sugars called ________ and _________
glucose and galactose
________________ acts as the glue to secure the new gene in place when inserted into foreign DNA
DNA ligase
What type of bonds hold nitrogenous bases together?
hydrogen bonds
What type of mutation causes the most change to a DNA sequence?
Addition/ deletion
____________ delivers the amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codons
tRNA or anticodon
A mutation in the MCM6 gene causes lactase production to ____________ in adulthood
continue
___________ is a protein that uses a guide RNA to cut points around a specific target gene
Cas9