Father of Genetics
Who is known as the Father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
How many mathematical possibilities are there for an offspring to have in a Punnett square?
Four
What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?
heredity
These are genes that are altered or copied incorrectly.
Mutations
What does the shape of DNA look like?
A double helix or a twisting ladder
Which organism did Mendel use in his research?
The pea plant
What would the letters Zz mean to someone who works with genetics?
It means a heterozygous genotype that has one dominant and one recessive allele
The different forms of a gene located in a specific location on a chromosome are called what?
Alleles
A pedigree
How many pairs of chromosomes are present within each nucleus in the cells in our body?
23 pairs
In what generation did white flowers reappear when he crossbred his purple and white-flowered pea plants?
The second generation
If a rabbit, who is purebred for black fur, mates with a recessive white rabbit, what is the probability that their offspring will have white fur?
0% (purebred black means it has two dominant traits and will pass on one of those)
What is it called if an organism has two identical alleles for a trait?
Homozygous or Purebred
What is it called when scientists intentionally change the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene?
Genetic Engineering
What three things make up a nucleotide in DNA?
sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
No matter which trait Mendel studied, what was the pattern he always noticed when breeding two pea plants: one homozygous dominant and the other homozygous recessive?
One trait always showed while the other disappeared
Draw and fill out a Punnett square if a man who is heterozygous for a widow's peak, has a child with a homozygous dominant woman.
man = Ww
Woman = WW
(two possibilities would be WW and two would be Ww)
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype = genes/letters
Phenotype = physical features
What is the type of genetic engineering that uses a virus to place a normal allele within a target cell of an organism?
Gene therapy
What are the four biochemical bases that pair up in our DNA? (only need the first letters but if you spell the words, you get double the points)
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
Mendel studied seven different characteristics with his pea plants. Name at least three of those seven traits.
flower color, flower position, seed color, seed shape, pod color, pod shape, and plant height
How do you determine which letter of the alphabet to use in a Punnett square?
You use the first letter of the dominant allele
Sometimes a red-flowered plant cross-pollinates with a white-flowered plant to produce a pink-flowered plant. This is an example of what?
Incomplete Dominance
What is a GMO and give an example of one?
GMO = Genetically Modified Organism
Examples: corn, soybeans, livestock
deoxyribonucleic acid