Vocabulary
Pedigrees
Genes and Heredity
Punnett Squares
Random
100
When two alleles or genes are the same
Homozygous
100
In a standard pedigree diagram, this geometric shape is used to represent a male family member.
What is a square?
100
An organism inherits its genetic instructions from the —
Parents
100
What is the only genotype that will show a recessive trait?
homozygous recessive (rr)
100
A trait that will always show up as long as one allele is present.
Dominant trait
200
Name the tool that we use to help us predict what traits offspring can have.
Punnett squares
200
If a trait appears in every generation of a pedigree and affected children always have at least one affected parent, it most likely follows this specific mode of inheritance
What is Autosomal Dominant?
200
Which of the following best defines heredity?
A: The passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation
B: The study of the genetic instructions that are passed from parent to offspring
C: The specific sequence of DNA and RNA that code for specific traits
D: The process of creating more organisms of a species
A
A: The passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation
200
If we crossed two heterozygous tall plants (Tt), what percent would be heterozygous?
50%
200
How many chromosomes do we receive from each one of our parents?
23
300
What is the name for the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
Karyotype
300
This pattern is often identified in a pedigree when a trait skips generations and is seen almost exclusively in males, who inherit the allele from their unaffected, carrier mothers.
What is X-linked recessive
300
Which of the following best explains the difference between the terms “genetics” and “heredity”?
A: Genetics is the study of recessive traits; heredity is the study of dominant traits.
B: Genetics is the study of dominant traits; heredity is the study of recessive traits.
C: Genetics is the study of genes; heredity is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next.
D:Genetics is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next, heredity is the study of genes.
C
C: Genetics is the study of genes; heredity is the study of how genes are transferred from one generation to the next.
300
On your paper, cross a homozygous tall and a heterozygous tall. What are the 2 genotypes present in the Punnett square?
TT and Tt
300
Which of the following would produce uniform offspring?
A. Pollen from one flower pollinates an egg of another flower to produce seeds.
B.A female fish lays unfertilized eggs in a river, and the male arrives later to fertilize the eggs.
C.Spores are formed from two cells, each from individual fungi organisms.
D. An amoeba splits during binary fission into two separate cells.
D. An amoeba splits during binary fission into two separate cells.
400
What is an organism called when it has two copies of each chromosome (ex. Humans)?
Diploid
400
What are the four (most common) inheritance patterns for traits in humans?
Bonus Points (100 each) for the last two kinds (not discussed in class)
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Bonus:
Y-Linked (Holandric)
Mitochondrial (Maternal)
400
While [TERM A] describes the separation of two alleles of a single gene into different gametes, [TERM B] describes how the orientation of one pair of homologous chromosomes does not affect the orientation of another pair during meiosis.
(200 pts each)
Term A: Law of Segregation
Term B: Law of Independent Assortment
400
Having dimples is a recessive trait. What genotypes would two parents without dimples have to have in order to have a child that does have dimples? Use D for the allele.
Both parents would need to be Dd (Heterozygous)
400
How many Guitars does Mr. Sadowski own?
7
12-string acoustic guitar
12-string acoustic guitar
6-string acoustic guitar
6-string electric guitar
6-string electric guitar
4-string electric bass guitar
5-string acoustic bass guitar
500
A common point of confusion, [TERM A] refers to a single trait controlled by the additive effect of many different genes, whereas [TERM B] refers to a single gene that exists in three or more alternative versions within a population."
Term A: Polygenic Trait
Term B: Multiple Alleles
500
What is the inheritance pattern on the following pedigree (300 points), and who are carriers (200 points)?
X Linked Recessive Trait
II-3 + II-5
500
Give two advantages of asexual reproduction and two advantages for sexual reproduction. (125 points each)
Asexual Reproduction:
The population can increase rapidly when the conditions are favorable. Only one parent is needed. It is more time- and energy-efficient, as you don't need a mate. It is faster than sexual reproduction.
Sexual Reproduction:
Gain resistance to Disease through natural selection. Greater genetic Diversity.
500
In a classic Mendelian dihybrid cross between two organisms heterozygous for both traits, this is the specific probability—expressed as a fraction—that an offspring will display the dominant phenotype for the first trait and the recessive phenotype for the second.
What is 3/16?
The Breakdown
To arrive at this answer, you have to look at the standard phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross, which is 9:3:3:1.
9/16: Dominant for both traits (A_B_)
3/16: Dominant for the first, recessive for the second (A_bb)
3/16: Recessive for the first, dominant for the second (aaB_)
1/16: Recessive for both (aabb)
500
What classes (subjects) has Mr. Sadowski taught at Keefe (100 points per correct class).
Biology
Chemistry
CAD
Anatomy and Physiology
Environmental Science