Disease Processes
The formation of stones in the kidney
What is nephrolithiasis?
Dietary interventions for struvite stones
What is limit high-phosphate foods such as dairy products, organ meats, and whole grains?
Shown in a urinalysis and indicates a UTI (5)
What is leukocytes esterase, nitrate, WBC (pyuria), RBC (hematuria), and casts (clumps of material or cells)?
Type of anticholinergic drug given for urinary incontinence
What is Oxybutynin?
The feeling that urination will occur immediately
What is urgency?
The three hallmark symptoms of a UTI
What is frequency, dysuria, and urgency?
The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with an oxalate kidney stone, and advises the patient to avoid these foods (3)
What is Black tea, spinach, and rhubarb?
Uses sound, laser, or dry shock waves to break the stone into small fragments that can later be excreted from the body
What is lithotripsy?
Drugs for a complicated UTI
What is Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Cefdinir, Cefaclor, Cefpodoxime, Phenazopyridine, Hyocyamine
The 2 ways a stone can form
What is super saturation of the urine with the particular element (calcium, uric acid) that first becomes crystallized and later becomes a stone; formation of a nidus along the lining of the kidney and urinary tract?
This type of incontinence is seen in patients with BPH; it can be seen with neurogenic disorders such as a stroke
What is urge incontinence?
These are the dietary interventions for calcium phosphate
What is limit the intake of foods high in animal proteins, calcium, and sodium?
Gold standard surgery for patients with BPH
Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)
Drugs given to treat overflow incontinence (2)
What is Flomax and Proscar?
Factors and conditions that contribute to a diagnosis of complicated UTI (7)
When treating this, Trimethoprim/Supfamethoxazole is a drug that can be used
What is uncomplicated UTI?
Dietary interventions for uric acid stones
What is limit intake of purine sources such as organ meats, poultry, fish, gravies, red wines, and sardines?
Minimally invasive surgeries for kidney stones (3)
What is stenting, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous ureterolithotomy/nephrolitotomy?
Drugs used in drug therapy for kidney stones (8)
This may be performed when the patient has recurrent UTI’s
What is a cystoscopy?
These are the physical assessment cues with patients who have nephrolithiasis
What is pale, ashen, diaphoresis, excruciating pain, elevated vital signs (BP may be decreased if pain causes shock)?
When your patient has cystine stones, it is important to tell them to encourage their fluid intake. Specifically this many mL’s
What is 500 mL’s every 4 hours while awake and 750 mL’s at night?
Laboratory assessments for prostate cancer (2)
What is prostate specific antigen (PSA) analysis and Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)?
Drugs used to treat BPH (3)
What is alpha-adrenergic antagonists, 5-alpha -reductase inhibitors, and erectogenics?
Your patient with BPH is scheduled for a transurethral ultrasound examination to measure the level of PSA. The reason this is scheduled is…..
What is to help rule out the possibility of cancer?