condition
Blood in the urine that is not visible to the naked eye
(>3-5 RBCs/hpf)
What is Microscopic hematuria
Pt w/ a 30-pack-year history and a PMHx of BPH presents with painless gross hematuria. Family Hx significant for prostate cancer.
What is bladder cancer
E. Coli
What is the most common causative agent of UTI
hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia
+ oval fat bodies in urine
What is nephrotic syndrome
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
What is nitrofurantoin 100 mg twice daily for 5 days
Flank pain + fever
What is pyelonephritis
Pt presents with fatigue, muscle weakness, and cramps following a week of chronic diarrhea. ECG shows flat T waves and U waves
What is hypokalemia
Muddy brown casts
What is acute tubular necrosis
UA positive for: nitrates, leukocyte esterase, >10 WBC/hpf
What is UTI
pregnant patients with UTI get what meds as long as they are not near delivery?
Nitrofurantoin 100 mg PO bid X 7d
The most common cause of this disease is prerenal...
What is AKI
A 22-year-old male presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and fatigue two weeks after recovering from an upper respiratory infection.
What is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Diabetes
What is the most common cause of CKD
pH 7.23, pCO2 68 mm Hg, and HCO3 28 mEq/L on ABG
What is respiratory acidosis
Medications used to slow the progression of polycystic kidney disease
What is tolvaptan
Most common solid renal tumor of childhood
What is Wilms tumor
A female pt complains of worsening bladder spasms, dysuria, and suprapubic pain relieved by urination. UA is negative
What is interstitial cystitis
Spike and Dome pattern
What is Membranous nephropathy
Dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts on urine microscopy.
What is nephritic syndrome
The first step in managing severe hyperkalemia with EKG changes.
What is 1 g Calcium gluconate and monitor the EKG
This condition is marked by acute kidney injury, fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, and a history of recent drug exposure.
What is Acute (allergic) interstitial nephritis
Pt W PMHx of COPD presents with AMS, SOB, & tachypnea. ABG shows pH 7.31, pCO2 58 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L, and pO2 65 mmHg, Na 140, Cl 105. What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
What is respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
Calcium Oxalate
What is the most common composition of kidney stones
SERUM: pH 7.25, PCO2 22, HCO3 15, Na 138, K 2.9, Cl 105
URINE: pH >6 (high), HCo3 40 (elevated)
BONUS: (+500)
What part of the nephron is affected?
What type 1 Renal Tubular Acidosis (Distal RTA)
Bonus: What is the distal tubule
The recommendation for goal rate correction in a person with hypernatremia for >48hr
What is 10 mEq/L/d