Renal Basics
Functions of Kidneys
The kidneys regulate fluid, electrolytes, acid-base balance, blood pressure, and produce erythropoietin.
Care of Nephrostomy Tubes
Nurses ensure nephrostomy tubes remain patent, prevent infection, and monitor urine output carefully.
Pyridium Teaching
Pyridium causes urine to turn orange; patients should be informed to prevent alarm and avoid clothing stains.
Does not treat the infection, relieves the symptoms of a UTI
Cystitis
Cystitis causes bladder discomfort and requires hydration and antibiotics for effective treatment.
Proteinuria
Indicates damage to the kidneys
Urine culture and sensitivity specimen
Proper clean-catch technique involves perineal cleaning and midstreamurine collection to avoid contamination and ensure accurate results.
Gentamycin Monitoring
Gentamycin requires careful monitoring of renal function and drug levels to avoid nephrotoxicity and hearing loss.
Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis presents with flank pain and fever, often needing hospitalization and IV antibiotics.
Urinary Diversion Surgery
Stoma should be pink and moist; protect skin with barriers, monitor mucus in urine, assess bowel sounds, and educate patients on appliance management.
Role of Amphojel
Bind with phosphorus to increase serum calcium
Renal Calculi
Mrs. Scott
Urinary calculi cause severe flank pain and hematuria, requiring pain monitoring and possible lithotripsy.
Acute Kidney Injury
Initiation, oliguric, diuretic, and recovery
Elevated BUN and creatinine levels
Help assess kidney function and indicate dehydration or reduced filtration
Catheterization and Infection Control
Aseptic catheter insertion, secure device placement, closed drainage, empty when half full, ensure tubing is patent, perform peri care twice a day, and bag positioning prevent infections and trauma.
Chronic Kidney Diesease
Age-Related Urinary Changes
Older adults experience decreased bladder capacity and weakened sphincters, increasing risk for retention, infection, and incontinence.
Hemodialysis vs Peritoneal Dialysis
Mrs. Scott
Glomerulonephritis
Mrs. Scott
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia