Basics
Define Genomics
The study of the human genome / The study of DNA and Genes
Which is true:
a) DNA is turned into mRNA
b) mRNA is a copy of DNA
c) mRNA is complementary to DNA
c) mRNA is complementary to DNA
(see notes!)
How does a paternal test work with Gel Electophoresis?
Match the child's DNA with the known parents. Look at whats left and see which unknown parent it best aligns with.
Found in nature! its a repeating sequence of DNA
What are some uses of Genomics in Society?
(Answers will vary, possible answers include...)
- Medicine
- Diseases / Vaccines
- GMOs / Biochemistry
What is the name of the process for when DNA is used as a template to make mRNA?
Transcription
Which organelles are used in Transcription? in Translation?
Transcription: Nucleus
Translation: Ribosome
What do we learn about DNA when we run Gel Electrophoresis?
The size of DNA / Which fragments are bigger, which fragments are smaller
To amplify DNA (or to create more copies of it), which technology or technique would be best to use?
PCR
Bioinformatics
CRISPR and Cas-9
PCR
Grams = Mass
Liters = Volume
Meters = Length / Distance
What is the function of RNA Polymerase and Promoter and Terminator Sequences.
RNA Polymerase:The enzyme that moves down the DNA and reads it
Promoter and Terminator Sequences: The nucleotide sequences that tell the RNA Polymerase where to start and where to stop
What is the role of these organelles:
Nucleus
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus = where DNA is stores
Ribosome = where mRNA is created
Mitochondria = creates energy for the cell
Golgi Apparatus = sends proteins etc out of the cell to do things
What are Restriction Enzymes?
Enzymes that cut DNA Molecules as specific sites
Which technology or technique has the most applications in gene editing?
PCR
Bioinformatics
CRISPR and Cas-9
CRISPR and Cas-9
What do we call a proper experiment? And what must it have?
Controlled Experiment
Everything is controlled in the experiment, except the one thing you're testing
What are the main components of DNA and how are they held together?
Nucleotides (Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base)
Covalent Bonds (vertically)
Hydrogen Bonds (horizontally)
a set of 3 nucleotides in an mRNA strand. They code for this amino-acid the tRNA will bring to create the protein strand
If a DNA strand has two restriction sites, how many fragments will result after cutting?
Three
What are 2+ uses for Bioinformatics?
(answers will vary)
4.51 m = ____ kilometers
0.00451km
What are 3 differences between DNA and mRNA?
- Two stranded vs One stranded
- Thymine vs Uracil
- In Nucleus vs In Ribosomes
- DNA codes for mRNA, mRNA codes for Proteins
Describe the role of Ribosomes, tRNA, and Stop and Start Codons
Ribosomes: like a hamburger bun, moves down the mRNA and reads it, tells the tRNA what to do
tRNA: brings the amino acids use to build the proteins
Start and Stop Codon: where Ribosomes start and stop reading
What is it called when Restriction Enzymes cut DNA and the result is single stranded unpaired extensions?
Sticky Ends
PCR is when you duplicate DNA involves using short synthetic DNA fragments called primers to select a segment of the genome to be amplified, and then multiple rounds of DNA synthesis to amplify that segment.
We use it to test for covid by trying to duplicate COVID DNA in a sample. If the attempt is successful, the person has covid. If it fails, they do not.