Geo glossary
What is the process by which soil, rocks and other surface materials are carried away, by the actions of water, wind or ice.
Erosion
What hard engineering structure of rock or concrete is built along the shore to protect land from waves?
Seawall
Which local council is responsible for managing Warilla Beach?
Shellharbour City Council
Describe longshore drift along Australia's east coast.
Longshore drift is the action of sand moving from one end of the beach to the other. This happens in a zig-zag pattern. On the East Coast of Australia, sand moves northward in the swash in winter,
However, in summer north-east winds cause longshore drift to the south.
Which country is the largest in the world by area?
Russia
What is the process called when waves, wind or water drop the sediment they were carrying?
Deposition
What soft engineering strategy involves adding sand from elsewhere to a beach to replace what has been lost?
Beach nourishment
What hard engineering structure, first built after storms in 1966, protects homes at Warilla Beach?
Rock seawall
What natural process, where gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere, has been intensified by human activity?
Greenhouse effect
Which country has Wellington as its capital?
New Zealand
What do we call a line on a topographic map that indicates altitude?
Contour line
What management strategy involves planting native vegetation such as spinifex to stabilise sand dunes?
Dune revegetation (dune restoration)
What type of severe storm system caused extensive damage to the Warilla seawall in 2016?
East coast low
What is the difference between constructive and destructive waves?
Constructive waves add material to the coast, they are smaller and contain less energy.
Constructive waves occur where the swash is stronger than the backwash.
Which country has had the world's largest population since 2023?
India
What is the name for a straight line drawn on a map between 2 points, used to represent changes in elevation, landforms and other geographical features?
Transect
What structure is built at right angles to the shore to trap sand moved by longshore drift?
Groyne
Name two hard engineering management strategies at Warilla beach.
1- Northern training walls
2- Southern groyne
3- Sea Rockwall
What are the 4 phases of the hydrologic cycle (water cycle)?
Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation
What country has the most islands?
Sweden
What term describes the difference in altitude between the highest and lowest points in a small geographical area.
Local relief
Explain the strategy from the Netherlands chosen in your assignment.
Explanation of the sand motor - beach nourishment in a hook shape.
Name and describe 1 natural cause and 1 human cause for erosion at Warilla beach.
Natural - East Coast low, natural dune shifts, natural longshore drift
Human- Sand mining, hard engineering strategies, urban development
Besides melting land ice, what process causes sea levels to rise as ocean water warms?
Thermal expansion
Which low-lying Pacific nation is among the most threatened by sea level rise?
Tuvalu