Borders & Illegality
A socially produced and politically institutionalized barrier between nations.
What is a border?
The disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color.
What is environmental injustice / racism?
Any good or service that is produced by human labor and that is offered for sale on the market.
What is a commodity?
"we give things meaning by how we ____ them"
What is "represent?" (Stuart Hall)
A process whereby an invading force takes control of land and resources, eliminate native populations, and forcefully enforces the racial and political borders of their new territory
What is settler colonialism?
Being marked as dangerous; this is especially true for Black and Latino young men.
What is labeling or criminalization?
This is usually portrayed as something separate from human processes, but is actually formed by the relationship between "human" and "non-human" beings and forces.
What is nature?
A working-class community of color just got a new hip coffee shop, a public art tour, and the catchy new name "noho." This might be an example of ____.
What is gentrification?
According to _____, this is "a way of seeing the world." It is the arrangement or pattern of things on land, the shape and structure of a place
Who is Dennis Cosgrove, and what is landscape?
This is a condiment that represents the Black cultural identity of D.C.
What is mambo sauce?
According to ____, this is an exclusionary political ideology established with the Chinese Exclusion Act.
Who is Erika Lee and what is a "gatekeeping ideology"?
Associating a group of people's behavior and ethics with their surroundings.
What are moral geographies?
The process of treating or converting something into a commodity - a good or service available on the market.
What is commodification?
Practices that narrativize and shape a community’s cultural, historical, and political relationship to a space.
What is placemaking?
A temporary migrant laborer program established between Mexico and the U.S. in 1942 and lasting until 1964.
What is the Bracero Program?
The establishment of Hometown Associations that fund small town development in Mexico is an example of this.
What are remittance landscapes?
Air pollution from a factory is an example of this economic principle.
What is a negative externality?
Changing company logos to promote LGBTQ or Black communities without meaningfully investing in those spaces is an example of this.
What is pinkwashing? Also acceptable: What is Black Aesthetic Emplacement or Diversity as Colorblindness.
“____ becomes an effective means for new residents to cleanse and claim space; since it is they and the media for which many of them work who define the term, it reflects their own self-interest.” (Zukin, 745)
What is "authenticity"?
The endless copy of an original that no longer exists or perhaps never did exist.
What is a "simulacra"?
According to ___ this is the idea that, for example, Mexican migrants are biologically better equipped to do agricultural labor.
Who is Seth Holmes and what is naturalized social suffering? Also acceptable: biological determinism
This park provides the first example of removing a native population to “preserve” nature.
What is Yellowstone?
Artisanal cobalt mining in the DRC, Apple manufacturing in China, and tech sales in the U.S. is an example of this.
What is a commodity chain?
According to ___, this is represented by the suburbs or exopolis; a real and imagined space
What is Ed Soja's "thirdspace"
An executive action signed in 2012 to grant permanent residency to people who came to the US as children, are enrolled in school / have graduated, and have not committed certain crimes.
What is DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)?