What is GIS
What does GIS Stand for?
Geographic Information Systems
A GCS is defined by what 3 components
The art and science of making maps describes ___________
cartography
What are the two basic types of data?
Vector & Raster
Cones, cylinders and planes are the most common types of __________
developable surfaces or projection surfaces
What are the three branches of geospatial technology?
GIS
GPS
remote sensing
We discussed many ways to use GIS. Name 2 of the 6 ways you can apply GIS
1. Identify Problems
2. Monitor Change
3. Manage & Respond to Events
4. Perform Forecasting
5. Set Priorities
6. Understand Trends
a thematic map that uses lines to connect points of equal value to illustrate gradients and variations in data
Isoline/isarithm
Vector Data can be displayed as ___ , ____, or ___.
Points, Lines, or Polygons
We discussed different orientations of PCS, name 3.
Normal, transverse, oblique, meridian, polar
The science of measuring Earths shape
Geodesy
Since different data are based on different sets of measurements and ellipsoids, the coordinates for benchmark datum points typically differ between datum. This phenomenon is referred to as
datum shift
a thematic map that places dots within an enumeration unit in proportion to the represented value to preserve the distribution and variation of density of a phenomenon
dot density map
Imagery is an example of what data type?
Raster
Projections always distort something. Name 3 different properties that might be distorted
Shape, area, direction, distance, scale
We discussed 5 components that make up a GIS. Name three.
methods & procedures
data
hardware
software
Of the following maps, which one would be best for mapping a university campus?
A) a 1:6000 scale map
B) a 1:63,360 scale map
C) a 1:250,000 scale map
D) a 1:1,000,000 scale map
A) a 1:6000 scale map
a thematic map that uniformly colors each non-overlapping enumeration unit according to the represented value
choropleth map
Polygon
What projections does SPCS use? Select all that apply.
A) Azimuthal Equidistant projection
B) Lambert Conformal Conic projection
C) Mercator projection
D) Transverse Mercator projection
B & D
We discussed 4 functions of GIS. Name two and give an example of each
•Input (Data input through digitizing, scanning, and GPS data)
•Management (•Massive volumes of data, •Must be stored in a manner that they are easy to maintain and retrieve)
•Analysis (•Heart of GIS •Creation of new information from existing data)
•Output (•Visualization of results of analysis, •Commonly maps, graphs, and summary reports)
We discussed questions to ask before creating a map. What are 3 of those questions?
•Who is the audience?
•What is the purpose of the map?
•What question should the map answer?
•What data type is being mapped?
•What scale and extent are appropriate?
•What level of accuracy vs clarity is needed?
•How will the map be used (print, web, presentation)?
We discussed different mapping elements used to create a map. Name 4
•Title
•Legend
•Scale
•North arrow
•Source and date
•Projection
•Neatline
•Labels and annotations
Having all count values of data brought to the same level describes __________
normalization
We discussed 5 common types of projections. Name 2
•Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area
•Albers Equal Area Conic
•Lambert Conformal Conic
•State Plane
•Universal Traverse Mercator