These activities involve extracting natural resources from the earth.
What are primary industries?
100
This is extra food that could support a non-farming population and was necessary for the development of early cities.
What is agricultural surplus?
100
These are cities that have become the control centers of the global economy (ex: New York City, London and Tokyo)
What are global cities?
100
These are resources that can be replenished naturally at a rate sufficient to balance their depletion by human use?
What are renewable resources?
100
These are illegal areas of degraded housing that normally begin as collections of crude shacks and gradually become increasingly elaborate and permanent.
What is a squatter settlement, barriada or slum?
200
This is the measurement of standard of living compiled by the UN that includes variables in addition to income such as literacy, life expectancy and education.
What is HDI, the Human Development Index?
200
These are services required by the manufacturers of goods including services such as insurance, legal services, banking, advertising, wholesaling, retailing, consulting, etc.
What are producer services?
200
Little Havana in Miami and Little Italy in New York are examples of this.
What is an urban ethnic enclave?
200
This is the index devised to measure, country by country, the level of progress toward sustainability.
What is the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)?
200
This was the state-sanctioned policy of segregating "races" in South Africa.
What is apartheid?
300
These are the two reasons why developing countries are urbanizing rapidly.
What are the migration of people into cities and higher natural population growth rates?
300
This was the first sector affected by the industrial revolution.
What is the secondary, or manufacturing, sector (specifically, British cotton textile cottage industry)?
300
This is the practice of locating producer service activities to places where companies can take advantage of cheaper labor costs.
What is outsourcing?
300
These are some of the effects of acid rain.
What are poisoned fish, damaged plants and diminished soil fertility?
300
This is space used to set up defenses against people the city considers undesirable (ex: gated communities, landscapes with a lack of street furniture).
What is "militarized" space?
400
These are the 5 concentric zones of Ernest Burgess's concentric zone theory.
What are the CBD, transition, blue-collar residential, middle-income residential and commuter residential zones?
400
These are the social costs of gentrification.
What are the displacement of lower income people, visible reminders of uneven distribution of wealth, and elimination of diversity and heterogeneity?
400
This is the spatial division of labor which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies.
What is international division of labor?
400
This refers to the large mass of warmer air sitting over a city that is caused by lack of evaporation and heat emitted from automobiles, industry and human bodies?
What is an urban heat island?
400
These are peripheral bedroom communities transformed into urban centers that contain all the functions of a downtown but are more spread out and less dense, with clusters along major freeways and off-ramps.
What are edge cities?
500
These are the geographers that proposed the multiple-nuclei theory that stated that a city developed with equal intensity around various points.
Who are Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman.
500
These are two federal housing policies that affected the spatial patterning of our metropolitan areas.
What are the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and its supplement, the GI Bill?
500
This is an area in which a product may be sold in volume and at a price profitable to the manufacturer.
What is a market?
500
These are some examples of defensive sites.
What are river-meander sites, river-island sites, offshore-island sites, land peninsula sites, sheltered-harbor sites and acropolis sites?
500
This is the physical form of the city which consists of street patterns, building sizes and shapes, architecture and density.