Capitals
A certain pair of African countries are sometimes distinguished by their capitals, rather than their names. Name both countries and their respective capitals.
The Republic of the Congo - Congo Brazzaville
The Democratic Republic of the Congo - Congo Kinshasa
This European river flows through more capital cities than any other river.
The Danube
In 2017, this autonomous region arguably became the shortest-lived independent state, lasting only a few seconds.
Catalonia
Emilio Marcos de Palma Morella's unusual place of birth was contrived in order to support this.
Argentine sovereignty in Antarctica
These two countries' flags have convergently evolved to be nearly identical since 1989.
Romania and Chad
The de facto capital of this country (not the official capital, but nonetheless the seat of government) is the only one to include the word "the" in its official English name.
The Netherlands
The longest river not to form all or part of an international border.
The Nile
This short-lived Central American nation existed from 1823 to 1838 and included present-day Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
República Federal de Centro América
Bir Tawil is the largest piece of land outside of Antarctica claimed by no country. Both Egypt and Sudan insist that it is the other country's territory, instead opting to claim this coastal "triangle."
Halaib triangle
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, and Guatemala, are tied for having this many colors on their flags; the most.
Eight
Of the countries whose capital is not their largest city, this country has the highest finite ratio of [largest city population]:[capital population].
India (49.77)
The Danube splits many European capitals in two, but one of them is in fact a portmanteau of two cities that used to be on either side.
These are the two cities, and the sides of the river they are found on.
In addition to Texas and Hawai'i, this other US state was an independent country for a period of time.
California
Vít Jedlička attempted to set up Liberland in a nugget of territory claimed that both of these countries claim belongs to the other.
Croatia and Serbia.
As of the time of writing (April 12, 2025), the UN member state to have most recently changed its flag.
Syria
There are 4 UN member states (not counting city-states) whose capital is "X City." Three are on the same continent. This is the fourth.
Kuwait
Flowing through countries, this river is known as the "Mother of Rivers" in Southeast Asia.
Mekong
In 1991, the USSR split into this many independent states.
Twelve
Machias Seal Island is the largest bit of land in dispute between these two traditionally cooperative countries.
Canada and The United States
The nation of Palau has a flag much resembling those of Japan and Bangladesh, but it has this key difference.
Palau's dot is the moon, the other two are the sun.
This capital city is (as far as I can tell) the most recently established capital of any UN member state.
Ngerulmud, Palau
The river, flowing through two countries and forming part of an intranational border, having the greatest flow of any river into the eastern Pacific.
Roll on, Columbia, roll on.
This central Asian empire's capital of Hattusa was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.
Hittite Empire
The Bogotá Declaration was a treaty signed in 1976 by eight equatorial countries in order to assert sovereignty over what strategically and economically valuable region.
Geostationary orbit
This country's flag has the same phrase written 22 times.
Iran