Natural Vegetation
Explain how natural vegetation differs from cultivated vegetation.
Grows naturally / No human planting / Cultivated is planted by people / Examples include rice or apple trees.
Name two continents where tropical rainforests are found.
South America / Africa / [Asia bhi chale ga].
What is a settlement, and how does its size vary?
A place where people live / Ranges from farms to cities / Smallest: Farm / Largest: City.
What is a planned residential zone? Give an example as well.
Well-organized housing / Proper infrastructure / Example: Gulberg, Lahore.
Why do the biome ‘tropical grassland’ have so many different kinds of animals?
Abundant grass / Seasonal water supply / Large grazing areas.
Where are lichens typically found?
Found on rocks, trees, or soil / Grow in harsh conditions.
Why are tundra regions considered a type of desert?
Low rainfall / Less than 25 cm annually / Dry
Define temporary settlements and give one example of where they might be found.
Short-term shelters / Found in areas with nomadic tribes / Disaster-affected regions.
Why do squatter settlements develop in cities?
Lack of affordable housing / Migration for jobs / Overpopulation.
State one cause of deforestation.
Logging for wood / Urbanization / Agriculture.
State two characteristics of the biome ‘tropical rainforest.’
Tall trees / Warm and humid climate / High rainfall / Rich biodiversity.
Explain why tropical rainforests are significant for the global climate.
Produce oxygen / Absorb carbon dioxide / Regulate temperature / Support biodiversity.
Name any two types of urban settlement and give an example of a city associated with it.
Administrative: Islamabad
Port: Karachi
Industrial: Lahore
Mining: Sui.
What is an Urban Zone? Give an example of an Urban Zone in Karachi.
Area with a specific function / Commercial Zone / Example: Saddar, Karachi.
Give one example each of a manufacturing and a service industry.
Manufacturing: Textile industry / Service: Education services.
How does deforestation impact animals? Give two points.
Loss of habitat / Decrease in food supply / Extinction of species.
Compare the vegetation of tropical rainforests and coniferous forests.
Tropical: Tall evergreen trees, broad leaves
Coniferous: Tall evergreen trees, needle-like leaves
Tropical: Hot and Humid
Coniferous: Cold and snowy.
Explain any two disadvantages of nucleated settlements over scattered settlements.
Overcrowding / Lack of privacy / Limited agricultural space / Higher pollution levels.
Explain how legalizing and providing facilities to squatter settlements could cause problems.
Encourages more squatters / Disrupts urban planning / Strains city resources
State one use of hardwood and one use of softwood.
Hardwood is dense and durable.
Softwood is lightweight and easier to work with.
Use of Hardwood: Used for making furniture and construction
Use of Softwood: Used for paper production and lightweight furniture.
Explain how the absence of natural vegetation could impact soil fertility and water conservation.
Soil erosion / Loss of nutrients / Reduced water absorption / Increased runoff.
Mention the problems faced by the people of an Urban settlement.
Overcrowding / Pollution / Lack of housing / Traffic issues / Water and sanitation problems.
How do planned and unplanned residential zones (squatters) differ from each other?
Planned: Organized layout, proper facilities
Unplanned: Chaotic, lack of infrastructure
Planned: Approved by authorities
Unplanned: Illegal settlements.
Planned: Clean and hygienic
Unplanned: Dirty and toxic
What are the three main components of an industrial system other than inputs?
Processes: Methods to turn raw materials into products, like spinning cotton into fabric.
Outputs: Finished goods ready for sale, such as cars or textiles.
Markets: Places or people where goods are sold, locally or internationally.
Explain the role of industries in supporting people of rural areas.
Provide jobs / Support local markets / Utilises local raw materials