Mountains & Landforms
Which major mountain ranges form an east-west chain across Eurasia?
The Himalayas, Alps, Carpathians, and Pyrenees.
Why were the Rhine and Danube important to the Romans?
They used them as borders and built forts and roads along them for defense and trade.
What is the Gulf Stream, and how does it affect Europe’s weather?
It’s a warm ocean current that keeps Europe’s climate mild, especially in winter.
How do the Alps impact Europe’s water supply and transportation?
They provide water for major rivers like the Rhine and Danube, and have been used as transport routes since Roman times.
How did rivers help define modern European countries?
Rivers often became national borders, like between France and Germany.
Why is Europe warmer than other places at the same latitude?
Because of the Gulf Stream, which brings warm water and air to Europe.
What role do the Pyrenees play in separating cultures?
They separate France and Spain, leading to the development of different languages and cultures on each side.
What makes Europe’s rivers useful for trade and travel?
They are long, navigable, and connect inland areas to the sea.
Why are the Apennines important to Italy?
They run down the length of Italy and influence where cities, farms, and roads are built.
Why is Europe’s closeness to water important for its history?
It helped Europeans travel, trade, and explore more easily than inland civilizations.
How do the Carpathians shape the borders of Eastern European countries?
They form natural boundaries between countries like Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine.
How do rivers still influence Europe’s cities today?
Many major cities are built on rivers for trade, transport, and access to fresh water.