Seismic Waves & Earth's Interior
Waves that travel comparatively slowly within the Earth and only through solids
What are S-waves?
Area within a fault plane that undergoes displacement during an earthquake
What is the rupture surface?
Also known as the earthquake focus
What is the earthquake hypocenter?
Deadly impact of earthquakes in urban areas
What is building collapse?
The conclusion of the Parkfield earthquake prediction experiment
What is the failure of short-term earthquake forecasting?
Waves that travel fast within the Earth and through all types of materials
What are P-waves?
Earthquake triggered by stress transfer from a previous earthquake
What is an aftershock?
Location-specific degree of shaking during an earthquake
What is the earthquake intensity?
Process affecting water-saturated sediments during an earthquake
What is liquefaction?
Systems capable of detecting earthquake-triggered waves in the world's ocean
What are tsunami warning systems?
Destructive waves that travel slowly along Earth's exterior
What are surface waves?
Tectonic setting in which magnitude 9 earthquakes may occur
What are subduction zones?
Measurement serving as a basis for the Richter scale
What is the S-wave amplitude?
Three factors that influence the impact of an earthquake
What are earthquake magnitude, location, and regional characteristics?
Assessment of location-specific probabilities for earthquake occurrence
What is long-term earthquake forecasting?
The area on the opposite side of Earth from an earthquake's epicenter that does not receive S-waves
What is the S-wave shadow zone?
Tectonic setting of California's San Andreas Fault
What is a continental-continental transform boundary?
Measurement serving as a basis for the Moment Magnitude Scale
What is the displacement and area of the rupture surface?
Three characteristics of tsunami-generating earthquakes
What are large, shallow, and offshore earthquakes?
Principle serving as a basis for earthquake early warning systems
What is detection of early P-wave arrival?
The cause of seismic waves' deceleration at 100-250 km depth in the mantle
What is partial melt?
Rapid, continuous, and long-lasting seismic vibrations related to slow slip at subduction zones and magma movement near volcanoes
What is seismic tremor?
On a seismogram, measurement proportional to the distance between the seismic station and the epicenter
What is the time gap between the P- and S-wave arrivals?
How hydraulic fracturing causes earthquakes
What is increased pressure on existing faults?
Two sources of information to determine the recurrence intervals of earthquakes
What are historical records and paleoseismicity studies?