Volcanoes
This type of volcano forms from layers of tephra and highly viscous lava flows
What is a stratovolcano (composite)?
A mafic igneous rock with lots of gas bubbles, often red in color.
What is scoria?
Compression, tension, and _________ are types of stress that can deform rocks.
What is shear?
The type of pressure deep in the Earth that is the same in all directions.
What is lithostatic pressure?
The actual location along a fault where an earthquake originates.
What is the focus?
Ash, pyroclastic flows, and __________ are all hazards associated with stratovolcanoes.
What are lahars?
This rock, made of volcanic glass, has a felsic composition even though it is often black in color.
What is obsidian?
Mountains are usually formed by a combination of folds and ____________ faults.
What are reverse (or thrust) faults?
This type of metamorphism occurs next to a body of magma.
What is contact metamorphism?
The four types of seismic waves.
What are P, S, Love (L), and Raleigh (R)?
This process increases the silica content of magma by removing minerals with low silica content.
What is fractional crystallization?
An intermediate composition lava flow would be made of this rock.
What is andesite?
In this type of fault, the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall.
What is a normal fault?
The lowest grade foliated metamorphic rock.
What is slate?
The name of the instrument used to record an earthquake.
What is a seismograph?
Hot spots make shield volcanoes when they erupt through this kind of crust.
What is oceanic crust?
Rhyolite usually erupts as this, like the one that formed in Mt. St. Helens.
What is a lava dome?
An A-shaped fold.
What is an Anticline?
What is a migmatite?
The type of plate boundary where earthquakes that generate tsunamis occur.
What is a convergent plate boundary? (subduction zone)
A crater left behind by a highly explosive volcanic eruption.
What is a caldera?
A rock made from volcanic ash that has been welded together.
What is a tuff?
These types of mountains form under tensional stress, which is rare.
What are fault block mountains?
The two things required for foliation to develop in a metamorphic rock.
What are platey minerals and directed pressure?
What is liquefaction?