Minerals1
This mineral has a metallic gray color, a high specific gravity, a black or dark gray streak, and cubic cleavage.
What is galena?
The mineral's powder on a ceramic plate. The color of this powder is characteristic of a mineral.
What is a mineral's streak?
Minerals are made of _________.
What are elements?
In metamorphic rocks, this is represented by a characteristic mineral assemblage formed within a specific range of pressure and temperature.
What are Metamorphic Facies?
This texture of igneous rocks consists of voids left by gas bubbles that escape as lava quickly solidifies.
What is vesicular texture?
This mineral can be metallic or non-metallic and has a red to reddish-brown streak.
What is hematite?
The name of the scale to measure a mineral's resistance to scratching. The ranking is dependent on the mineral's crystal structure.
What is the Mohs hardness scale?
This is the hardest known mineral.
What is a diamond?
These are the two types of metamorphic rock textures.
What are foliated and non-foliated textures?
The textural term for coarse-grained igneous rocks.
What is phaneritic texture?
This mineral has one plane of cleavage (basal cleavage); thin sheets are translucent and colorless; thick sheets can have a silverish color.
What is muscovite mica?
A specific crystal shape. A mineral often has at least one of these characteristic crystal shapes.
What is a mineral's habit?
Absence of cleavage. Minerals that do not exhibit cleavage are said to ___________.
What is fracture?
Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss.
Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks. They are listed in order of increasing metamorphism.
The texture of igneous rocks that experienced two different cooling rates.
What is porphyritic texture?
This mineral is soft (H=2), translucent to transparent; generally colorless or white; with three planes of cleavage not at right angles. Does not react with hydrochloric acid.
What is gypsum?
A measure of a mineral's weight relative to the weight of an equal volume of water.
What is the specific gravity of a mineral?
This is a property of a mineral to resist breaking or deforming. Specific descriptions include brittle, malleable, sectile, and elastic.
What is tenacity?
Factors that drive metamorphism.
Heat, pressure, and a chemically active fluid (principally, water).
The textural term for fine-grained igneous rocks.
What is aphanitic texture?
This mineral is hard (H=7) and has a hexagonal crystal habit capped by a hexagonal pyramid; color varies.
What is quartz?
A property of a mineral in which it breaks along a plane of weak bonding in its crystalline structure.
What is cleavage?
The 5 characteristics that make a mineral a mineral.
What are 1. naturally occurring 2. inorganic 3. orderly crystalline solid 4. definitive chemical composition 5. characteristic physical properties
A type of metamorphism caused by hydrothermal fluids. This type of metamorphism occurs under conditions of high temperatures and moderate pressures.
What is hydrothermal metamorphism?
Igneous rocks are identified based on these two characteristics.
What are texture and composition?