Volcano 1
This is a relatively 'quiet', non-explosive volcanic eruption that spews mafic lava and is associated with volcanic islands in the Pacific, as well as in other oceans.
What is a Hawaiian-type eruption?
This is a violent explosive eruption exemplified by the eruptions of Mt. St. Helens, Vesuvius, and Krakatoa, to name a few.
What is a Plinian eruption?
This is a violent eruption caused by contact between magma and shallow fresh water.
What is a phreatic eruption?
This is a mild eruption that looks like fireworks during a 4th of July celebration. This style is named after a certain volcano off the coast of Italy.
What is a strombolian eruption?
This type of volcano is very broad relative to its height and formed by the 'quiet' eruption style typical of low-viscosity mafic lava. Example: Hawaiian island chain volcanoes.
What is a shield volcano?
These are the explosive eruptions that are caused by magma making contact with water in shallow seas or lakes.
What are Surtseyan eruptions?
high viscosity silica-rich magma
What is the composition and viscosity of magma involved in explosive Plinian eruptions?
These bulbous masses of basalt form when mafic lava flows into a body of water.
What are pillow lavas or pillow basalts?
These are the three criteria by which a volcano is identified/classified.
What is the shape, composition, and eruptive style of a volcano?
The mound-shaped protrusion of viscous magma that accumulates around the volcanic vent inside a crater? There is not enough force behind the accumulation to erupt explosively.
What is a volcanic dome?
These are the two factors that affect the magma viscosity.
What are temperature and composition?
This type of magma (that is, the composition of the magma) is hot, not viscous, and is involved with the quieter Hawaiian-style volcanic eruptions.
What is mafic magma?
This type of magma (that is, the composition of the magma) is relatively cool, viscous, and involved in explosive eruptions.
What silica-rich magma?
This type of volcano is cone-shaped, composed primarily of pyroclastic material (scoria), generally exhibits strombolian-style eruptions, and is usually small (about 300 m tall).
cinder cone volcano
A type of volcano defined by the U.S. Geological Survey as having a V.E.I. of 8, and has an extremely large caldera.
What is a supervolcano?
This type of volcano is large, composed of alternating layers of lavas and pyroclastic material, and exhibits explosive eruptions typical of viscous, intermediate to high-silica magmas.
What is a composite volcano (also called a stratovolcano).
This type of eruption can result in the accumulation of extremely thick basaltic rock over a very large area. It is fed by an underlying mantle plume.
What is a fissure eruption?
It is the volcanic remnant of an explosive phreatic eruption (hydro-magmatism) that forms a very broad, low-relief crater (maar)
What is a maar volcano?
The solid material that spews from a volcano during an eruption.
What is pyroclastic material (tephra)?
A tabular concordant pluton. That is, the intrusion parallels the structure, the sedimentary strata, or metamorphic foliation, for example, of the host rock.
What is a sill?
This is a rapidly moving fluidized mixture of semi-molten pyroclastic material and hot gas. It is a heavier-than-air density flow down the volcano's slope.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A fluidized mixture of water and volcanic ash.
What is a lahar?
A mass of rock that results from the placement of magma into a host rock far below the Earth's surface. It cools into an intrusive igneous rock.
What is a pluton or intrusion?
A very large intrusive body. When this pluton is exposed at the surface, can cover 100+ square kilometers.
What is a batholith?
A tabular disconcordant pluton. That is, the intrusion cuts across structures, the sedimentary strata, or metamorphic foliation, for example, of the host rock.
What is a dike?