People
Who was the person who lived on a farm in Scotland who discovered the rock layers?
James Hutton
Where is the oldest layer of rock located?
At the bottom.
Rocks that have solidified from lava or magma.
Igneous
Ancient marine arthropods that existed from the Cambrian to the end of the Permian period, roughly 524 to 252 million years ago.
Trilobite
The remains or traces of ancient living things.
Fossils
Who was William Smith?
Primary contribution to geological time was the principle of faunal succession (or fossil succession), which states that fossils can be used to correlate rock layers across different locations.
What is the difference between relative and absolute dating?
Relative dating determines the age of an object in comparison to other objects.
Absolute dating is its true age.
Rocks that have formed from sediment deposited by water or air.
sedimentary
Ancient marine arthropods, often called "living fossils," that are not true crabs or crustaceans but are more closely related to spiders and scorpions.
Horseshoe crab
Times when many species on Earth died or became extinct in a short period of time.
Mass extinctions
Who came up with the theory revolves around the concept of uniformitarianism, which posits that the Earth's features have been shaped by ongoing physical processes.
Charles Lyell
What is the relationship between the Earth's layers and rock layers?
Rock layers, specifically sedimentary rock layers, are part of the Earth's crust and can be used to understand the geological history of the Earth.
Rock that has undergone transformation by heat.
Metamorphic
Marine animals belonging to the phylum Echinodermata and the class Crinoidea.
Crinoid
A break or gap in the rock record.
Unconformities
Who is known as the "Father of Geochronology" for his groundbreaking work in developing the first quantitative geological timescale
Arthur Holmes
How do rock layers form?
When small pieces of rocks and minerals, called sediments, are carried and deposited in layers over long periods of time
A fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash.
Slate
A unique order of lobe-finned fish, known for their ancient lineage and distinctive features.
Coelacanths
A distinctive and widespread layer of rock or sediment that serves as a marker horizon.
key bed
Who established that sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers, with the oldest layers at the bottom and younger layers on top?
Nicolaus Steno
What are some geological events that can affect rock layers?
Plate tectonics, which can cause folding, faulting, and uplift; weathering and erosion, which break down rocks.
A volcanic rock that consists of extremely vesicular, rough-textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals.
Pumice
A deciduous tree so ancient that it is commonly known as a “living fossil”; it is the last remaining species of a primitive family of plants.
Ginkgo
They developed a model of Earth's history from its 4.6 billion years ago to the present is called.
Geologic time scale