Earth's Interior
This is the most dense, solid layer of our Earth.
What is the Inner Core?
This is a fracture, or break, in Earth's lithosphere, along which blocks of rock move past each other.
What is a fault?
This is an opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt.
What is a volcano?
Shield volcanoes form at hot spots and this type of boundary.
What are divergent boundaries?
This is a giant wave of water, triggered by an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.
What is a tsunami?
When magma travels to the surface from Earth's interior, it is called this name.
What is lava?
The San Andreas fault is an example of this type of fault.
What is a strike-slip fault?
This is a dense cloud of hot gases and rock fragments that race downhill during a volcanic eruption.
What is pyroclastic flow?
What are stratovolcanoes?
This is the process in which the shaking of the ground causes soil to act like a liquid.
What is liquefaction?
The study of these helped us determine that our Earth has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core.
What are seismic waves?
This instrument is used to constantly record ground movements and locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
What is a seismograph?
This kind of volcano is a steep cone-shaped hill formed by the eruption of cinders and other rock fragments that pile up around a single crater.
What is a Cinder Cone volcano?
Lava that has a high silica, gas, and water content is also said to have high "this," meaning it is thick and flows very slowly.
What is viscosity?
How long will it take a P-wave to travel 2000 km?
What is 4 minutes?
This is a hot, soft layer of rock that the Lithosphere rests on.
What is the asthenosphere?
Rayleigh and Love waves are this type of wave; they are the slowest seismic waves and cause the largest ground movement and the most damage.
What are surface waves?
This is a chain of more than 400 hundred volcanoes that are found along subduction zones in the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Ring of Fire?
The Cascades Mountains in western North America are this type of volcano.
What are composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes?
How far can an S-wave travel in 9 minutes?
What is 2600 km?
These are responsible for the movement of tectonic plates at mid-ocean ridges and can be found in the asthenosphere.
What are convection currents?
This scale is used to measure how powerful an earthquake is. There is no maximum value to the scale.
What is the Richter scale?
Formed by both shield volcanoes and composite volcanoes, this is a huge crater formed from the collapse of a volcano when magma rapidly erupts from underneath.
What is a caldera?
When Mount Pinatubo erupted in June of 1991, large mudflows called by this Indonesian name caused greater destruction than the eruption itself.
What are lahars?
A seismic station recorded an interval of 5 minutes and 40 seconds between the arrival of S- and P-waves. How far did those waves travel?
What is 4,000 km?