Vocabulary
The study of actions that cause change to the Earth.
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Define Earthquake and Volcano
Earthquake: the sudden shaking of Earth’s surface from the Earth releasing stress.
Volcano: an opening in Earth’s surface(Crust) through which lava, gas, and ash escape
What are the three different classification of rock in the rock cycle?
Metamorphic, Sedimentary, and Igneous
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How many different types of Crust does our Earth have? What are the names for those types of crust?
There are two different types of crust. There is oceanic and Continental.
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What is the difference between Magma and Lava?
Magma is hot liquid UNDER the earths surface. Lava is hot liquid ON the earths surface.
Define Sedimentary rock
Layers of weathered material that is hardened into one.
Define Magnitude
The size of an earthquake
What is the rock cycle?
The process that describes how one type (classification) of rock becomes another type (classification) of rock.
How many plate boundaries are there? What are the names of those?
There are three different plate boundaries. Convergent, Divergent, and Transform.
Define Epicenter:
The point on the Earth's surface (lithosphere) where the Earthquake starts.
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Define Igneous Rock
Rock that forms when magma or lava cools and solidifys
Define Metamorphic Rock
Rock that has changed due to extreme heat and/or pressure to form new rocks.
What processes do rock go through to become Sedimentary? Tell me ALL the processes
Weathering and erosion make sediments, Compaction and cementation make sedimentary rock.
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What natural hazard is created/formed mainly at transform plate boundaries?
Earthquakes
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What is the most common standard of measuring the magnitude of earthquakes based on seismic activity?
What range is severe?
The Richter Scale
6-10 is severe earthquakes
The layer of Earth that is surrounded by gas.
Atmosphere
The solid layer of Earth (Crust & Upper mantle) that is surrounded by rock/stone.
Lithosphere
What is the difference between Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous rock?
Extrusive Igneous rock is formed from lava cooling, which means it is formed on the Lithosphere, and this Extrusive cools at a quicker rate than Intrusive Igneous rock. Intrusive Igneous rock is formed from magma cooling, which means it is formed in the asthenosphere. Intrusive cools at a slower rate than Extrusive Igneous rock.
What plate boundary(s) deconstruct land? Which plate boundary(s) construct land?
Convergent deconstructs land, Divergent constructs land.
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What are the waves that transmit (send out) energy as a result of an earthquake.
How many main types are there?
Seismic waves. There are two main types; P and S waves.
The weak,soft solid layer of Earth (Mantle) 100-250 km below Earth’s surface.
The asthenosphere
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The theory that Earth's lithospheric plates are in constant motion.
and
Where two of the Earth’s lithospheric plates meet
Plate Tectonics: The theory that Earth's lithospheric plates are in constant motion.
Plate Boundary: Where two of the Earth’s lithospheric plates meet.
How do we get each type of rock in the rock cycle?
Sedimentary: 1st, weathering and erosion to get sediments 2nd, compaction and cementation
Metamorphic: heat and pressure
Igneous: Melting (magma or lava) and cooling
What geological features are likely to be formed at each boundary?
Convergent: Mountains, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes
Divergent: Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Transfrom: Earthquakes.
What is the difference between P and S waves?
P waves (Primary Waves) travel faster and will arrive at a seismograph first. They can travel through solid, liquid, and gas. S waves (Secondary waves) travel only through solid and travel slower than P waves.