Drift & Tectonics
Mineral Chemistry
Igneous Rocks
Volcanic
Mixed Material!
100
Theory stating that continents plow through ocean basins- proposed by Alfred Wegener
What is continental drift
100
List the 4 components that make up the definition of a mineral
Naturally occurring, solid, with crystalline structure, definite chemical composition
100
Molten rock made up of liquid with varying amounts of cooled crystals and gases
What is magma
100
Lava erupts through side of volcano
What is flank eruption
100
Intrusive igneous feature that has a blister shape with a flat floor
What is a laccolith
200
Name for Late Paleozoic super continent & Northern/Southern hemisphere continents
What is Pangaea, Laurasia (N), Gondwana (S)
200
Bond that is usually between two non-metals, share the electrons equally
What is a covalent bond
200
Increase in dissolved gases that are released when plates converge, this is one way that rocks melt to produce magma
What is flux melting
200
Large, gently sloping volcano, "contact lens" shape
What is a shield volcano
200
What process was Bowen's Reaction Series designed to explain?
Sequence of crystallization of basaltic magma
300
Driving forces behind sea floor spreading
What is convection, ridge push, slab pull, trench suction
300
Three major uses of common minerals?
Ores (metallic deposits), industrial minerals (fillers, road construction, agriculture), gems
300
List and describe 3 differentiation processes
Partial melting/ sidewall accretion/ crystal floatation/ crystal settling/ filter pressing/ liquid immiscibility/ assimilation/ magma mixing
300
How is a xenolith different from a country rock?
A xenolith is part of country rock that has been incorporated into magma
300
What dominant igneous structure occurs at Ship Rock, NM and Devil's Tower, WY?
Dikes
400
Evidence behind sea floor spreading
Seismic studies, magnetic reversals, earthquakes, volcanoes
400
Differences between cations & anions
Cations: positively charged ions, release electrons, smaller Anions: negatively charged ions, gain electrons, larger
400
Crystals visible to naked eye, usually a result of slow cooling
What is phaneritic
400
Describe the difference between a dike and a sill
Dike: discordant (vertical) igneous intrusion Sill: concordant (horizontal) igneous intrusion
400
VIDEO Q: Describe some ways that volcanologists determined causes of the Pinatubo activity
Carbon dating of trees to study frequency of eruptions, frequency and intensity on seismometers, observed gas release
500
Describe & give an example of each of the 3 plate boundaries
Divergent: moving apart, ex: Mid Atlantic Ridge, etc. Convergent: moving towards each other, ex: Philippines, etc. Transform: grinding horizontally, ex: San Andreas Fault
500
Name the two most abundant elements and two most abundant minerals
Elements: oxygen and silicon; Minerals: Feldspar, quartz;
500
List, in order, the minerals that make up the discontinuous limb of Bowen's Reaction Series
Olivine, augite pyroxene, hornblende amphibole, biotite
500
What types of volcano occurs at Paracutin, Mexico? Mt. Pinatubo, Japan? Mt. St. Helens?
Paracutin: cinder cone/ pyroclast volcano Mt. Pinatubo: stratovolcano (composite) Mt. St. Helens: stratovolcano
500
Common igneous rock that occurs in ocean crust, hot spots and continental rifts
Basalt
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