Minerals
What are the five features that make something a mineral?
They are natural, inorganic, solid substances with definite chemical composition and regular crystalline structure.
What is a seismic gap?
A place where earthquakes have not occurred but where friction is building up stress that may rupture.
If a stream has a recurrence interval with flows around 10,000 cfs (of 150 years) What could be the probability of a flow being around 10,000 cfs?
0.00667 Per Year
What is the difference between body waves and surface waves?
Body waves can travel through Earth’s interior and are categorized based on P waves and S waves. Surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet.
What are the physical properties of minerals?
Hardness, colour, habit, cleavage planes, density, luster, and streak.
Which areas generate magmatic eruptions?
Hot spots, Ocean ridges, and Rift zones
What are common justifications for dams to be constructed?
To generate hydropower/electricity, reduce the risk of floods, store water used for irrigation, and to store water for municipal uses.
What is shear stress?
When different parts of an object move across a plane or slide past one another.
What are cleavage planes?
They are fractures in a mineral that follow weak chemical bonds in the crystal and occur on particular planes.
What is a shield volcano?
Volcanoes that are less steep-sided and can be large in extent.
What percentage of U.S. dams are justified as flood control dams?
Approximately 18%
Which data set is not used to determine tectonic plate movement?
Cleavage planes
What is an example of a rock that is made up of a single mineral?
Limestone with Calcite.
People have built towns, farms, and cities around volcanoes because __?
Soils are often fertile near volcanoes.
How do Alluvial Rivers preserve the record for the pre-historic discharge events?
Alluvial Rivers contain a lot of sediment which is deposited and can bury older deposits. Then each new deposit is a record discharge event and older events are preserved underground.
True or False: Subduction zones occur at convergent boundaries
True
What two examples of rocks contain non-mineral material?
Obsidian and Coal.
A volcano has not erupted recently but has a fresh look without erosion. The volcano is known as __.
Dormant
Which National Park had the removal of two dams on a river and has rehabilitation for salmon- spawning?
Olympic National Park
Creep is sometimes termed as ___?
Aseismic slip