Earth's Layers
used to sense waves as they move through the layers of Earth during an earthquake
Seismometer
the fundamental building blocks of all rocks on earth
minerals
Minerals are the fundamental building blocks of all ____.
rocks
This is made of solid particles, water, air, and decomposed organic material
what is soil or dirt
The final component of the earth's crust which covers about 70 percent of the earth's surface
what is water
The type of deformation when rock is strained enough that its shape or size may change, but the change is reversible
What is elastic deformation
This layer is the majority of the Earth; is made of liquid magma and solid rock.
Mantle
What are the three layers of our planet?
mantle, crust, and core
Minerals are described by a certain chemical formula that repeats itself throughout the entire mineral structure. What is that called?
crystals
Rocks formed from molten rock from the earth's interior which cooled down and reached the surface
sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
Igneous
The term meaning rocks change size or shape after being stressed.
Deform
Rocks may also become so deformed that the change is not reversible. What kind of deformation is this?
Ductile deformation
The Earth layer that reaches temperatures around the same temperature as the sun.
inner core
The earth's crust is the outermost layer and has two types. What are they?
continental and oceanic crusts
describes how light reflects off the surface of minerals
luster
soil sediments that were weathered from other rocks that are deposited and compressed are what type of rock?
sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
sedimentary
The type of stress when rocks are pulled apart
tensional
What type of deformation consists of rocks stressed enough that their change is irreversible and it rock breaks
What is fracture
The thinnest layer composing only 1% of the planet; includes all of the land and oceans.
Crust
The less ______________ in a rock makes it more brittle
water
Aggregates of minerals or mineral-like structures that are formed naturally are called ______
Rocks
rocks after they were subjected to high temperature and pressure become what kind of rocks?
metamorphic
The type of stress when rock is pressed together
Compressional stress
Ductile means that something can _____________
shaped
The Earth's four major layers
The crust consists of four different components. What are they?
minerals, rocks, soil, and water
Minerals are composed of either pure elements or elemental compounds. What is the difference
Pure elements are made out of a single kind of atom whereas elemental compounds consist of atoms of two or more chemical elements.
The space left after all soil particles are packed together is called _______________
Pore space
The type of stress when rock slips in a horizontal direction
Shear stress
The ability of a rock to handle stress depends on its _________
elasticity