History of Geology
The study of the earth.
What is Geology?
Another name for the Earth's crust.
What is the lithosphere?
I came up with the idea of Plate Tectonics.
Who is Harry Hess?
This is a mixture of nonliving things, such as sand grains, smaller rock particles, and minerals.
What is soil?
I created a scale system to determine the hardness of minerals.
Who is Fredrich Mohs?
These are kinds of rocks formed when a layer of sediment formed by weathering and erosion of existing rocks becomes solid.
What are sedimentary rocks?
Preserved remains, impressions, or traces of animals, plants and other organisms
What are fossils?
I am known as the founder of modern geology.
What is the asthenosphere?
The theory that the Earth's plates broke and drifted apart.
Distinct layers of soil
A naturally occurring, inorganic (nonliving) solid
What is a mineral?
These are formed as the magma is extruded and cooled.
What are igneous rocks?
Scientists that study fossils to reconstruct Earth's living past.
What are paleontologists?
What is Pangea?
The Earth's core is made up of 2 distinct sub-layers.
What are the outer core and inner core.
The plates move this much each year.
What is between 5 and 10cm a year?
The wearing away of the Earth's surface by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
What is erosion?
The Earth's crust is made up of this basic material.
What is rock?
These are formed when heat, pressure, and chemical fluids convert mineral composition into new rocks.
What are metamorphic rocks?
Insects are sometimes preserved in resins from trees that eventually becomes this.
What is amber?
I proposed the idea of Continental Drift and Pangea.
Who is Alfred Wegener?
Most rocks are made of these 2 elements.
What are silicon and oxygen?
Name the 3 types of plate boundaries.
Bonus: Describe each boundary.
What are Convergent Plate Boundaries, Divergent Plate Boundaries, and Transform Boundaries?
Name the 2 types of weathering.
Bonus 100pts: Describe each type of weathering.
What are chemical weathering and mechanical weathering?
What are families?
These 2 factors convert metamorphic rock into sedimentary rocks.
What are weathering and erosion?
When creatures or plants get buried in sediments and later soak in mineral-laden water, and turn to stone.
What is petrified?
In 1930, Sir Charles Lyell, a British geologist, published this first volume.
What are the Principles of Geology?
List the layer of Earth starting from the top to the center. Bonus: name the sub-layers.
What are the crust (lithosphere), mantle (asthenosphere), core (inner and outer)?
Name 3 types of mountains formed at plate boundaries.
Bonus: Describe the formation of each mountain.
What are folded mountains, faulted mountains, and volcanic mountains?
Describe the four mature layers of soil.
What are decaying matter, top soil, subsoil, weathered rock pieces?
Name at least 3 of the 10 major elements that form minerals.
What is oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum, calcium sodium, potassium, and magnesium?
What are heat and pressure?
Name 3 types of fossils.
Bonus: Describe each of these fossils.
What are mold fossils, cast fossils, petrified fossils, coprolites, and imprints?