Earth
The outermost layer of Earth is called the __________.
The natural hazard that happens when rock, soil, and earth materials move down a slope
is called a(n) __________.
landslide
Plate tectonics is Wegener's theory that the Earth's lithospheric plates are in motion. 250 million years ago, the continents were arranged in the supercontinent _________.
Pangea
Are fossil fuels renewable or nonrenewable?
nonrenewable
GPS measurements show that the Earth’s plates are moving _________ (centimeters or meters) each year.
centimenters
What do we call places where water can flow and collect in rock layers under Earth’s surface?
Where do most earthquakes occur?
Along plate boundaries
Two lithospheric plates move away from each other at a _______________ plate boundary.
Divergent
Which type of rocks are formed in a volcanic eruption?
Igneous - pumice, basalt, obsidian
What country broke off from Africa and collided with Asia forming the Himalayas after Pangea started to move apart?
India
In which layer of the Earth does convection occur?
Mantle
The measurement for the amount of energy in an earthquake is called __________.
Magnitude
Subduction zones that are found in the Ring of Fire occur when an oceanic plate and continental plate form a ________ plate boundary.
Convergent
What is formed in places where water can flow and collect in rock layers under Earth’s surface?
aquifers
What happens when magma from Earth's mantle pushes through the crust?
A volcanic eruption
Explain how convection causes the Earth's plates to move.
Warmer, less dense rock rises towards the surface while cooler, dense rock sinks towards the Earth's hot core. As the cool, dense rock sinks, it becomes warmer and rises. As warm, less dense gets closer to Earth's crust, it cools and sinks. This process happens slowly, which is why the plates move about as quickly as your fingernails grow.
What is an example of a geological process that happens over a short period of time?
What is an example of a geological process that happens over a long period of time?
Short- earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides
Long- weathering, erosion, plate movement
What 2 scientific processes cause the plates to move?
Gravity and convection
Which type of rock is a good location for storing nuclear waste because it is stable and doesn't allow groundwater to flow through it?
Granite
In a subduction zone, the oceanic plate pushes under the continental plate because __________.
What is the hottest layer of the Earth and is it liquid or solid?
Inner core is solid
Where do the majority of high magnitude earthquakes and active volcanoes occur? What kind of plate boundary is found there?
In the Ring of Fire along the Pacific Ocean- subduction zone
What are 2 pieces of evidence for Wegener’s theory that the Earth’s plates are in motion and once formed a supercontinent called Pangea?
- The same kind of fossils are found in South America and Africa.
- The same kind of rock layers are found in North America, Europe, and Africa.
- The continental shelves of the continents come together like a puzzle.
Which type of plate boundary doesn't form mountains or new rock?
Transform
2 continental plates move together to form mountain ranges like the Himalayas (convergent).
1 oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate to from volcanic mountains like the Cascades (convergent).
What is the age of rock at mid-oceanic ridges?
New lithosphere forms at mid-oceanic ridges. The farther from the mid-oceanic ridge, the older the rock is.