Plate Tectonics
What is the term for the boundary where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other?
Divergent Boundary
What is the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals?
Mohs Scale
Name the two main types of igneous rocks.
Intrusive (Plutonic) and Extrusive (Volcanic)
What type of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes and frequent eruptions of basaltic lava?
Shield Volcano
Name 2 types of basaltic lava
Pahoehoe, AA
Name one major geological feature that is formed at a convergent plate boundary.
Trench, Mountain Range, Island Chain
Which mineral is commonly used in pencils due to its softness?
Graphite
How does the cooling rate of magma affect the texture of igneous rocks?
Faster cooling results in fine-grained texture, while slower cooling results in coarse-grained texture.
What is the term for the opening at the top of a volcano where lava is expelled?
Vent
Name 3 igneous rock textures
Phaneritic, aphanitic, vesicular, glassy, porphyritic, pyroclastic
Which type of boundary is responsible for the formation of the Himalayan mountain range?
Convergent Boundary
Name the mineral that is the main component of the Earth's crust.
Feldspar
Name the composition and texture of obsidian
Felsic and glassy
What are the factors that influence the viscosity of a lava?
The amount of silica and the temperature of the lava
Name the 2 classification of minerals
Silicates, Non-silicates
What type of boundary is associated with earthquakes and the formation of the San Andreas Fault?
Transform Boundary
What is the process by which minerals are formed from magma?
Crystallization
What is the primary difference between pumice and basalt?
Pumice is lighter and has more gas bubbles.
Identify the famous volcano that erupted in AD 79, burying the Roman city of Pompeii.
Mount Vesuvius
Name 4 types of luster
Metallic, Vitreous, Silky, Waxy, Pearly, Submetallic
Explain how the theory of plate tectonics supports the idea of continental drift.
The movement of tectonic plates explains the shifting positions of continents over time.
What is the difference of a mineral and a rock
Minerals make up rocks.
Identify a common mineral found in granite.
Quartz, Feldspar, Mica
Describe the difference between explosive and effusive volcanic eruptions.
Explosive eruptions involve thick, viscous lava, while effusive eruptions involve runny lava.
Name the 4 compositions of Igneous rocks
Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, Ultramafic