Rocks
The Earth
More Rocks
Vocabulary
Volcanoes
100
A naturally occurring solid of minerals, crystals, organic material, and other fragments such as sand and dirt, that have been bound together.
What is Rock?
100
The layer of the Earth where rocks and minerals are found.
What is the crust?
100
Pieces of other rock, including clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobble, and boulders.
What is sediment?
100
Molten (liquid) or semi-molten rock that is below Earth's surface.
What is magma?
100
A cone-shaped volcano with extremely thick lava that throws burning rocks and gas into the air in a humongous explosion; has many side vents.
What is a composite volcano?
200
Igneous rocks that form quickly above the earth's surface.
What are extrusive igneous rocks?
200
The solid, dense center of our planet.
What is the inner core?
200
Rock transformed by immense heat and pressure, while still remaining in a solid state.
What is metamorphic rock?
200
The study of the Earth, its materials, structure, processes, and how these have changed over time.
What is Geology?
200
Volcanoes with shallow, sloping sides, formed from thin lava that spills out in all directions.
What is a shield volcano?
300
A sedimentary rock that is very strong and was often used as a building material in ancient times for structures such as the pyramids in Giza, Egypt and the Colosseum in Rome, Italy.
What is Limestone?
300
An area where two tectonic plates move away from each other
What is a Divergent Boundary?
300
The process of the earth's rock changing between rock types.
What is the Rock Cycle?
300
The path with an exceptional amount of volcanic activity, along the plates that border the Pacific Ocean.
What is the Ring of Fire?
300
Cone-shaped, smooth volcanoes that expel rough, hardened lava rocks; lava and debris fall straight down and cool quickly.
What is a cinder cone?
400
Fill in the blanks: A (blank) is always a (blank), but a (blank) is not always a (blank).
A mineral is always a crystal, but a crystal is not always a mineral.
400
When one tectonic plate sinks and slides under another
What is subduction?
400
Name a metamorphic rock and its grade.
Possible answers: slate/phyllite (low-grade); schist (medium grade); gneiss (high-grade)
400
The movement of sediments through wind, water, and other forces and actions.
What is erosion?
400
The main pathway taken by magma to reach the top of the volcano.
What is a Conduit?
500
A three-dimensional solid that has its internal atoms arranged in a highly organized way.
What is a crystal?
500
Fracture in a block of rock in which the resulting two blocks move relative to one another
What is a fault?
500
Name 4 processes that are included in the rock cycle.
What are cooling, erosion, melting, compaction, erosion, heat, pressure (name 4)?
500
Name two American examples of Fold Mountains and explain why they are different.
Appalachian Mountains and Rocky Mountains; Rocky Mountains are younger, so have not weathered as much, but have higher and sharper peaks, while weathering and erosion have lower peaks and gentler slopes.
500
Name the type of volcano, formed within a crater of a previous volcanic eruption (Hint: erupted in 1980 in the USA) pictured here, and the location.
What is a lava dome in the crater of Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA