Earth's Layers
Vocabulary
Volcanoes
Miscellaneous
Challenge
100
Which layer of the earth is the thinnest layer?
the crust
100
What do we call hot, melted rock?
magma
100
What pours or shoots out a volcano and then cools and hardens?
lava
100
Name all 4 earth layers.
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
100
Which plate is moving more than any other plate causing extra pressure to build up and magma to break through the crust in many places?
Pacific Plate
200
Which layer of the earth is made up of mostly melted rock?
the mantle
200
What records energy waves that travel through the ground during an earthquake?
seismograph
200
What part of the volcano is where magma pools or collects?
magma chamber
200
All around the edges of the Pacific Plate where there is a lot of earthquake and volcano activity is called what?
Ring of Fire
200
What do we call the study of the movement of the plates?
Plate Tectonics
300
Which layer of the earth is the thickest layer?
the mantle
300
What type of scientist studies earth's structure and the history of how it formed?
geologist
300
What is a volcano called if it is erupting or expected to erupt sometime in the future?
active
300
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches are caused by the movement of what?
plates
300
After repeated eruptions and lava flow, what can form?
new land, rock, mountains, or an island
400
Which layer of the earth is made up of liquid iron and nickel?
the outer core
400
What is a deep crack in the earth that marks the boundary of two plates?
fault
400
What do we call a volcano that has not erupted in human history and is not expected to erupt again?
extinct
400
True or False: The Richter Scale measures how strong an earthquake is.
true
400
Name the fault in California where many earthquakes occur.
San Andreas Fault
500
Which layer of the earth is solid because the weight of the earth keeps it from melting?
the inner core
500
What is a tsunami?
a huge, destructive tidal wave
500
What kind of volcano is said to be sleeping?
dormant
500
Describe 3 different ways that plates move at plate boundaries.
pull away, collide, slide/grind past one another, or one plate dives under another
500
Name the volcano that erupted in Washington State in 1980.
Mount St. Helens
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