Earthquakes, Ocean Floors, and Shorelines
This is the study or practice of measuring ocean floor depth.
What is Bathometry
These are the three types of plate boundaries.
What are Divergent, Convergent, and Transform
This is an impermeable layer of strata (e.g. clays) that hinder or prevent underground water movement.
What are Aquitards
This is the name of sediments that are moved and deposited by glaciers.
What is Drift or Till
There are the TWO types of 'dating' that scientists use to determine the general and specific age of rocks.
What is Absolute and Relative Dating
Groins and jetties are two examples of these - meant to protect shorelines and coasts from erosion.
What are Hard Stabilization techniques.
This is the steepest angle (relative to a horizontal plane) at which unconsolidated grains of sand remain stable without sliding due to gravity.
What is an Angle of Repose
This is the process where sediments bounce along the bottom of a river system.
What is Saltation
A product of glacial movement and abrasion, these are grooved impressions made in the bedrock as glaciers flow and advance forward?
What are Striations
Inclusions of 'these' can be used to help correlate the specific age of a rock strata through a process of radiocarbon dating.
What are fossils (index fossils and assemblages)
Using three types of these machines can help us triangulate the location of an earthquake and measures the foreshocks and aftershocks of an earthshaking event.
What are Seismographs
This type of stress causes crustal deformation equally from each side and from top to bottom
What is Confining Pressure
A general term given to sediment that is deposited by streams or running water.
What is Alluvium
This is the general shape of a valley where glacial activity has occurred
This principle states that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizonal position.
What is the Principle of Original Horizontality
This scale helps to determine the size of an earthquake by comparing amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded, decrease in wave amplitude, and increased distance.
What is the Richter Scale
The official name of earth's major mountain building events, which formed along convergent plate boundaries during the recent geologic past.
What is an Orogeny (orogenesis)
This is an inevitable result of groundwater being removed in massive amounts over the course of many years.
What is Subsidence
Multiple variations of these are formed by wind, where mounds or ridges of sand or other loose sediment collect, especially found along shorelines or in a desert.
What are Dunes
These were giant trees that dominated the Mesozoic era that did not require freestanding water for fertilization.
What are Gymnosperms
During an earthquake, periods of ground shaking can cause water-saturated surface materials to behave as a fluid-like mass in this process.
What is Liquefaction
This is the principle that describes how earth's crust has variable buoyancy - subsiding and rebounding due to weight added and removed above the denser mantle.
What is Isostacy
This is the specific zone of a river system where meandering streams are prevalent.
What is the Zone of Transport
This is a feature of a glacier where ice flows into the sea, with the thickest parts on the landward side and thin, more unstable parts seaward.
What is an Ice Shelf
This is the general term or zone given to Earth's position in the solar system - describing that the Earth is the perfect temperature, perfect distance from the sun, and has the right elements and atmosphere to support life.
The Goldilocks Zone