Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks that cool and are formed on the outside of the Earth are called _.
Extrusive
A term to describe the thickness of lava
Viscosity
Plate boundary where two plates are sliding past each other
Transform boundary
The building blocks of matter
Atoms
In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part
Footwall
Rocks (or rock textures) that form from explosive volcanism
Pyroclastic
Type of volcano where lava pours out of long crack in the ground (sometimes between divergent plate boundaries)
Fissure/rift eruptions
Plate movement is hypothesized to be driven by _.
Mantle convection
A subatomic particle with a negative charge
Electron
"It is hotter than it used to be" is an example of a (qualitative or quantitative) statement
Qualitative
Volcanic rocks that have more magnesium and iron than silica. They are darker in color. Examples include basalt and gabbro.
Mafic
Type of volcano that has broad, low angle flanks and the lava from is volcano has a low viscosity
Shield volcano
A process where an oceanic plate descends below a less dense plate
Subduction
An atom that has the same number of protons, but a different number of protons.
Isotope
When energy from the Sun is trapped by gases in Earth's atmosphere
The greenhouse effect
Term to describe how mafic rocks crystallize at the highest temperatures while felsic rocks crystallize at lower temperatures
Fractional crystallization or partial melting
A tall cone-shaped volcano with steep sides and a clear crater. The lava from this volcano is very viscous
Startovolcano
The process in which volatiles enter the mantle wedge, and the volatiles lower the melting temperature, causing volcanism
Flux melting
Geologic term for salt
Halite
A rock deposited by a glacier and left behind when the glacier melted.
Glacial erratic
Intrusive rock that solidifies as a magma chamber cools down.
Pluton
This type of volcano has not been seen in human history. The lava has a low viscosity and covers large areas.
Flood basalt
As a rock cools, the iron minerals within the rock align with the current magnetic field. Since the magnetic field changes, scientists use the magnetic alignment within rocks to determine past movement of rock or plates or the magnetic field itself.
Paleomagnetism
Mineral group in which the silica tetrahedra, SiO4-4, is the building block. Examples include: quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine.
Silicate minerals
The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the hypocenter. (This is typically where the most building damage occurs)
Epicenter