Atoms and Elements
Bonding
Physical Properties
Minerals
The Rock Cycle
100
It is the smallest fundamental particle of matter.
What is an atom?
100
A rule of thumb where each atom seeks to have its outermost electron shell full of electrons.
What is the octet rule?
100
The way light is reflected off the surface of a mineral.
What is luster?
100
A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a set chemical composition and an ordered crystalline structure.
What is a mineral?
100
These rocks form by crystallization and solidification of molten rock.
What are igneous rocks?
200
It is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What is an isotope?
200
A chemical bond in which electrons are free to migrate among atoms.
What is metallic bonding?
200
A substance's ability to resist abrasion.
What is hardness?
200
This group is the most abundant group of minerals in the Earth's crust and mantle.
What are silicates?
200
These rocks only form at the surface of the Earth.
What are sedimentary rocks?
300
The 2 most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
What are silicon and oxygen?
300
A bond in which atoms either gain or lose electrons, then bond because of electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles.
What is ionic bonding?
300
The color of a mineral's powder.
What is streak?
300
This mineral is made of pure silica.
What is quartz?
300
Any other type of rock may turn into this type of rock.
What is metamorphic rock?
400
An atom has a mass of 195 and atomic number 78. This atom has ____ neutrons.
What is 117?
400
A bond in which electrons are shared between atoms so that both satisfy the octet rule.
What is covalent bonding?
400
The tendency of minerals to break along flat planes of weakness in a mineral's structure.
What is cleavage?
400
This is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust.
What is plagioclase feldspar?
400
Process by which rocks break down to form sediment and soils.
What is weathering?
500
The ion in the center of a silica tetrahedron is surrounded by this.
What is 4 oxygen ions?
500
This physical property is controlled by the strength of all the bonds within a mineral.
What is hardness?
500
The shape a mineral takes when allowed to grow in an unrestricted space.
What is crystal form (or crystal habit)?
500
Solid materials that do not possess an orderly arrangement of atoms are called _____.
What is glass?
500
The process by which sediment becomes sedimentary rock.
What is lithification?
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