What forms from the cooling of molten rock-either magma below the surface or lava at the surface?
100
Fault.
What is a break in earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other?
100
Primary waves.
What are the first waves to arrive which can travel through both solids and liquids to compress and expand the earth like an accordion; causing buildings to compress and expand.
100
Is dark, dense rock with a fine texture.
What is basalt?
100
Process by which rocks are broken into pieces by freezing, thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, actions of animals, wind-water-ice-gravity abrasions.
What is mechanical weathering?
200
Sedimentary rock.
What forms when particles of other rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed & cemented together?
200
At deep ocean trenches this allows part of the ocean floor to sink back into the mantle over tens of millions of years.
What is subduction?
200
Are the three types of seismic waves which carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus through earth's interior and across the surface.
What are primary, secondary, and surface waves?
200
Is a soft layer which can flow slowly and which plates ride upon.
What is the asthenosphere?
200
Is chemical weathering.
What is process that breaks rocks down through chemical changes involving oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain.
300
Metamorphic rock.
What is formed when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reactions mostly underground?
300
A tsunami.
What is large wave caused by displaced water caused from a strong enough earthquake?
300
Secondary waves.
What waves vibrate side to side and thrust the ground up and down or back and forth, thereby shaking structures violently though they cannot move through liquids?
300
Is a type of volcanic rock that hardens very quickly and is good for flint knapping?
What is obsidian?
300
Are the most important factors that determine the rate at which weathering occurs.
What are type of rock and climate?
400
Cause the folding, faulting, and uplift of the crust moving rocks through the rock cycle.
What is plate tectonics?
400
How geologists can determine earthquake risk.
What is locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occurred?
400
Surface waves
What move more slowly than p and s waves but produce the most severe ground movements?
400
Is what geologists observe when studying a rock sample.
What is color, texture, mineral composition?
400
Soil.
What is made from weathered rock mixed with other materials.?
500
Is what happens when igneous rock becomes sedimentary.
What is erosion?
500
Will cause the crust to compress, forming mountains and other landforms.
What wlll happen to earth's crust in the places where plates converge?
500
Is how geologists use seismic waves to locate an earthquake's epicenter.
What is the difference between the arrival time of the P and S waves?
500
Are techniques used to identify minerals.
What is hardness, color, streak, luster, density, crystal shape, cleavage, fracture, & fluorescence?
500
The 'dust bowl' and why we have to be careful to conserve soil.
What happened when excess plowing occurred during drought; the topsoil quickly dried out, turned to dust, and blew away?