layers of the earth
plate tectonics
landforms
fast changes to earth's surface (earthquakes/volcanoes)
slow changes to earth's surface (erosion/ weathering)
100
Which is the outermost layer of the earth?
the crust!
100
The theory that explains how large sections of the earth's crust are moving is called:
Plate tectonics (continental drift also acceptable)
100
earthquakes happen at which type of boundary?
transform
100
volcanic eruptions are caused mainly by the movement of ___________ _________________
tectonic plates
100
Which is the biggest cause of erosion? a) gravity b)evaporation c) pressure d) temperature
gravity
200
Which 2 layers of the earth are made of solid metal
inner core, outer core
200
what causes earth's plates to move? describe this process!
convection currents: magma is heated by the core, it becomes less dense and rises. When it gets near the cool crust, it becomes more dense and sinks. This creates huge currents of magma which move the plates.
200
What happens when an oceanic and continental plate meet at a convergent boundary?
The oceanic will sink down and the continental will move to the top as they continue moving toward one-another (continental is less dense)
200
When magma comes to the surface of the earth, it is called __________________________
lava
200
Dead plants begin to decay the soil, then they form acids that break down soil and rock. What type of weathering is this? a)chemical b)mechanical c)erosion d) both chemical and mechanical
chemical
300
which layer of the earth is the coldest?
the crust
300
Which is not evidence that earth's plates are moving: a) Every continent has different climates b)similar fossils are found on different continents c)the youngest crust is found at divergent boundaries d)most volcanic activity occurs near plate boundaries
a
300
how is new crust created?
magma rises from the mantle at divergent boundaries
300
The place where an earthquake originates (starts) is called the:
focus
300
which agent of erosion is responsible for the deposition (build-up) of sand along shorelines? a) glaciers b)mass movement c) wave action d) wind action
wave action
400
How can you know which layer of the earth is the most dense without taking any measurements?
The most dense sinks to the middle, least dense floats
400
What are the three ways that plates can move (give the names of the boundaries). Describe how the plates move at these boundaries.
divergent(come together), convergent (move away from each other), transform (slide past each other)
400
Where are volcanoes formed (3 places)
divergent boundaries, hot spots, convergent boundaries (NOT transform)
400
The ______________ of an earthquake is located on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's origin
epicenter
400
How can you tell the difference between a valley eroded by a glacier versus a valley carved by a river?
rivers carve narrow channels, glaciers carve large "scoops"
500
You combine two liquids- one is pink and the other is green. The green one floats. What do you know about the density of the green liquid compared to the pink liquid?
The green liquid is less dense than the pink liquid.
500
What are 2 pieces of evidence that supported Alfred Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift?
1) fossils! (same animals, different continents;warm weather plants in cold places) 2)shape of continents 3) geology (same type of rocks on different continents)
500
An earthquake is occurring. What type of movement is happening with earth's plates?
Transform movement
500
The hawaiian islands are formed above what?
a hotspot
500
define chemical weathering
breaking down a rock an changing what it is made out of (changing its chemical structure)
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