Rock Cycle
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Principles of Geology
100
When lava cools what type of rock does it form?
An igneous rock
100
What is an igneous rock made of?
Lava or magma
100
Why is the word "morph" in the name metamorphic rock?
Because they are rocks that change, and morph means to change
100
What are sedimentary rocks before they lithify (or turn to stone)?
sediments
100
Based on the law of superposition, where are the oldest rock layers?
On the bottom OR below the other rock layers
200
What are the two steps a rock would need to go through before turning to a sedimentary rock?
A rock would need to be weathered and than the sediments would need to be compacted.
200
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
Intrusive or extrusive
200
List one way a rock can become metamorphic.
heat OR pressure
200
How can any rock turn to a sedimentary rock?
First, the existing rock would be weathered into sediments. Then, those sediments would be compacted (or lithified) into a sedimentary rock.
200
What does the principle of superposition tell us about geology?
The principle of superposition states that you can tell the relative age of rock layers by knowing that older rock will be below younger rock layers.
300
If a rock undergoes extreme heat and turns to lava, what type of rock will it be when it cools?
An igneous rock
300
Where is an igneous rock formed?
In/under the earth's surface.
300
List one way a rock can become metamorphic.
pressure OR heat
300
What mineral do we test for when we put acid on a sedimentary rock?
Calcite
300
If I find fossils of amphibians, worms, land plants, and snails from a long time ago in a deep rock layer what type of environment can I assume was there when the rock layer was on top?
A swamp
400
If a rock is heated or pressured what type of rock will it become?
A metamorphic rock
400
Where is an extrusive rock formed?
Above the earth's surface.
400
What are metamorphic rocks before they become metamorphic rocks?
ROCKS
400
What type of sedimentary rock has calcite?
Limestone
400
What does the principle of uniformitarianism tell us about geology?
The principle of uniformitarianism states that the laws of nature that are true today have always been true. So, if you find clues from millions of years ago, you can apply the same laws of nature we know today to learn about the environment that was there a millions of years ago.
500
Why is the rock cycle called a "cycle"?
It is continuous. Once a rock is formed, it can always change to a different rock.
500
Which type of igneous rock has larger crystals and why?
Intrusive rocks have larger crystals because they have more time to cool, since intrusive rocks cool underground where it is warmer than above ground.
500
What are the different types of metamorphic rocks that are formed by heat and by pressure?
Contact metamorphic rocks and regional metamorphic rocks
500
What are two ways living organisms contribute to the calcite in limestone?
1. Breathing out carbon dioxide into sea water 2. Fossils from dead living organisms
500
Give your own example of the principle of uniformitarianism. (what fossils might you find that could tell you about the environment that was once there?)
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