Environmental Geology
These are the 2 main processes that break down and move sediment.
What are weathering and erosion?
This type of volcano is characterized by large lava flows and gently sloping hills.
What are shield volcanoes?
When earthquakes occur over unconsolidated sediment, it may begin to move fluidly and can bury buildings.
What is liquefaction?
the temperature/pressure where the Mantle first begins to melt
What is the solidus?
When magma has a lot of iron in it.
What is mafic magma?
This process transports sediment along the coast on beaches.
What is longshore drift?
As you add more of this mineral into magma, eruptions of this magma become more and more explosive.
What are silicate minerals?
What year did the earthquake in Charleston/Summerville, SC occur?
1886
Wet peridotite melts at a _______ temperature than dry peridotite.
lower
This type of mineral is used in antacids and cement.
What is calcium?
This phenomenon occurs in large, very urbanized areas where the asphault and dark infrastructure trap and absorb heat, causing the area to be unusually hotter than surrounding regions.
What is a heat island?
This feature is cause by hot magmas coming into contact with groundwater and the steam creates an explosion that leaves craters
What are maar craters?
This type of stress is associated with transform plate boundaries.
What is shear stress?
These 3 processes are responsible for Earth having magmas other than basalt.
What are fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, and magma mixing?
Plagioclase with this mineral in it will begin to melt first when subjected to heat.
What is sodium?
This type of pollution comes from one, readily-identifiable source.
What is point pollution?
These are clouds of molten rock and debris that result from explosive volcanic eruptions, and can travel over 100 miles per hour.
What are pyroclastic flows?
This process has the greatest effect on the Earth's core temperature (why Earth is hot inside).
What is radioactive decay?
These are quiet eruptions of gas that replace oxygen with CO2, which can suddenly and quietly kill lots of people.
What are limnic eruptions?
a single
These structures are placed at the mouth of a river to keep sediment from building up and keeping large ships from being able to travel through.
What are jetties?
Volcanoes that have highly viscous, rhyolitic magma with a toothpaste-like thickness. These volcanoes have very low gas composition, allowing the lava to slowly flow. Obsidian is often found at these volcanoes. They usually have a tuff ring around them.
What are dome volcanoes?
This phenomenon causes changes in the orientation of magnetic stripes within oceanic crust forming at the time.
What are magnetic reversals?
A process where mineral growth occurs within sediments, and metal compounds are already present.
What are diagenetic processes?
Why is it easier to melt iron-rich rocks?